基于信息熵的数据元件信息计量——以数据定价及其电能统计应用分析为例  

Information metrics for data components based on information entropy:data pricing and its application analysis for electric energy statistics

作　　者：陶晓明[1,2] 彭劼扬 王钺 王有政[1] 胡成盛[3] 陆志鹏 Xiaoming TAO;Jieyang PENG;Yue WANG;Youzheng WANG;Chengsheng HU;Zhipeng LU(Department of Electronic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Computer Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;China Electronics Corporation,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学电子工程系,北京100084 [2]新疆大学计算机科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐830046 [3]中国电子信息产业集团有限公司,北京100190

出　　处：《中国科学:信息科学》2025年第3期654-680,共27页Scientia Sinica(Informationis)

基　　金：欧盟“地平线2020”研究与创新计划下玛丽·居里行动资助协议(批准号:101109045);清华大学与中国移动通信集团有限公司联合研究所以及中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(批准号:FRF-NP-20-03);国家杰出青年科学基金项目(批准号:61925105);国家重大科研仪器研制项目(批准号:62227801);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(批准号:62401334);国家自然科学基金科技活动项目(批准号:62442106);德国联邦教研部(BMBF)针对“AITT-人工智能辅助技术”项目(批准号:03LB3058B)资助。

摘　　要：在数字经济时代,数据作为关键生产要素,其价值评估与定价问题一直是研究的热点.当前,信息价值评估与定价的研究主要集中在数据质量、数据需求和数据市场政策等方面,但缺乏数据驱动的定量研究.本文旨在探讨基于信息熵的数据元件数据定价,并提出相应的定价机制.随着数据在数字经济中的关键性地位日益凸显,数据元件作为连接数据供给和需求的“中间态”具有重要意义.首先,本文回顾了信息价值评估与定价的研究现状,指出了信息价值评估既是经济挑战也是数据科学挑战,并阐述了建立最优定价结构的重要性.其次,本文定义了数据元件并构建了相应的数学模型,强调了数据元件在数据资源开发、计量、定价等方面的作用.进而,通过基于数据元件的数据计量与定价模型,研究了数据元件的内蕴信息及其与传统方法在信息量上的差异.最后,本文以电力数据定价为实证研究对象,验证了所提出方法的有效性.本文还强调了数据元件在实现数据要素高效配置中的重要性,并指出了其未来发展方向.本文的研究为实现数据要素的高效配置提供了新思路,为数字经济的发展和数据要素的流通与共享提供了理论支撑和实践路径.In the era of the digital economy,data has seen its value assessment and pricing remain a research hotspot as a critical factor of production.Currently,research on information value assessment and pricing primarily focuses on data quality,demand,and market policies,with a notable lack of data-driven quantitative studies.This paper explores pricing for data components based on information entropy and proposes a corresponding pricing mechanism.As data’s pivotal role in the digital economy becomes increasingly evident,data components,which serve as an“intermediate state”connecting data supply and demand,are of great significance.First,the paper reviews the current research on information value assessment and pricing,finding that this assessment poses challenges to both economics and data science,and elaborates on the importance of establishing an improved pricing structure.Second,it defines corresponding mathematical models for data components and constructs,emphasizing their role in resource development,measurement,and pricing.Furthermore,through a measurement and pricing model based on data components,it investigates the intrinsic information within data components and the differences in their information content compared to traditional information communication methods.Finally,this paper includes an empirical study on the pricing of electricity data to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.It underscores the significance of data components in achieving the efficient allocation of data elements and outlines future directions in their development.This paper will provide novel insights into achieving the efficient allocation of data elements,offering theoretical support and practical pathways for the development of the digital economy as well as the circulation and sharing of data elements.

关 键 词：数据元件 数据科学 信息论 数据要素 数据治理 电力定价 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化] TP311.13[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论] F426.61[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]