社会经济地位对我国中老年人群失能的影响  

Impact of socioeconomic status on disability among middle-aged and olderly individuals in China

作　　者：杨雪[1] 黄明昭 陈婷[1] 荣爽[1] Yang Xue;Huang Mingzhao;Chen Ting;Rong Shuang(School of Public Health,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Healthy Hubei Development and Social Progress Research Center of the Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Province,Wuhan 430065,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学公共卫生学院湖北省高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地健康湖北建设与社会发展研究中心,武汉430065

出　　处：《中华健康管理学杂志》2025年第3期200-206,共7页Chinese Journal of Health Management

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究项目(20YJCZH131);国家自然科学专项基金(81941016)。

摘　　要：目的探讨社会经济地位对我国中老年人群失能的影响。方法本研究为回顾性队列研究,连续选取中国健康与养老追踪调查2011年(基线年)14213例≥45岁中老年人群,并连续选取其2013—2020年4轮随访信息完整的重复测量资料,合计67355例纳入分析。采用主成分分析法构建社会经济地位指数(SESI),采用广义估计方程分析SESI与中老年人群失能的关联,并进一步分析不同年龄段亚组中SESI对中老年人群失能的影响。结果纳入分析的2011年基线样本14213例中老年人群中,男性6833例,女性7380例,45~60岁7953例,61~75岁5156例,>75岁1104例,高SESI 3812例,中SESI 4526例,低SESI 5875例;年龄>75岁、女性、低SESI的中老年人群失能发生率均较高(均P<0.05)。中老年人群失能发生风险随着SESI的降低而增高(中SESI:OR=1.47,95%CI:1.39~1.55;低SESI:OR=1.79,95%CI:1.69~1.89)(均P<0.001)。不同SESI中老年人群失能发生风险的差异在45~60岁时最大(OR=2.08,95%CI:1.91~2.26),随着年龄增加,该差异逐渐缩小,在>75岁时最小(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.09~1.61)(均P<0.001)。结论我国中老年人群社会经济地位越低,失能发生率越高;社会经济地位对失能的影响在中老年早期更为显著,并随着年龄增长逐渐缩小。ObjectiveTo explore the impact of socioeconomic status on disability among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study.At the baseline year of 2011,14213 individuals aged 45 years and above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were consecutively selected,and their repeated measurement data with complete information from the 4 rounds of follow-up from 2013 to 2020 were consecutively selected,with a total of 67355 cases included in the analysis.The principal component analysis was used to construct a socioeconomic status index(SESI)and the generalized estimating equation was employed to analyze the association between the SESI and disability in the participants.And the impact of SESI on disability in different age subgroups was further analyzed.ResultsAmong the 14213 participants included in the 2011 baseline sample for analysis,there were 6833 males and 7380 females,7953 aged 45-60 years,5156 aged 61-75 years,and 1104 aged over 75 years.Additionally,there were 3812 with high SESI,4526 with medium SESI,and 5875 with low SESI.The incidences of disability were greater in the individuals aged>75 years,females,and those with a low SESI(all P<0.05).The risk of incidence of disability in the middle-aged and elderly population increased with decrease of SESI(medium SESI:OR=1.47,95%CI:1.39-1.55;low SESI:OR=1.79,95%CI:1.69-1.89)(all P<0.001).The difference in the risk of disability in the middle-aged and elderly individuals across the different SESI was greatest at 45-60 years(OR=2.08,95%CI:1.91-2.26),which gradually decreased with increasing age and was smallest at>75 years(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.09-1.61)(all P<0.001).ConclusionsThe lower the socioeconomic status of China′s middle-aged and elderly individuals,the higher the incidence of disability;the impact of socioeconomic status on risk of disability is more pronounced in the early years of middle and old age and gradually decreases with age.

关 键 词：失能 中老年人群 社会经济地位指数 健康管理 健康促进 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]