反刍动物瘤胃甲烷减排的微生物调控路径  

Microbial regulatory pathways of methane emission reduction in the rumen of ruminants

作　　者：陈亮 唐祎凡 陈鸿翼 刘建新[1] 孙会增 CHEN Liang;TANG YiFan;CHEN HongYi;LIU JianXin;SUN HuiZeng(Institute of Dairy Science,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学动物科学学院奶业科学研究所,杭州310058

出　　处：《中国科学:生命科学》2025年第3期529-543,共15页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作项目(批准号:2023YFE0123100)资助。

摘　　要：人类活动造成的温室气体大量排放是引起全球气候变暖的重要原因,甲烷作为大气中第二大温室气体,其排放严重影响人类健康、生态系统和粮食安全,低碳减排是全世界的共同目标.反刍动物能够产生大约全球17%的甲烷,其中90%以上来自瘤胃.反刍动物瘤胃甲烷产生是微生物直接作用的结果,甲烷减排方法得到了广泛研究,但现阶段对甲烷减排措施的具体机理认知还不甚明了,限制了有效精准措施的开发.因此本文从反刍动物瘤胃微生物和甲烷生成机理的角度出发,分别总结现有针对瘤胃不同微生物群的甲烷减排机理和对应方法,包括通过减少产甲烷菌丰度或抑制产甲烷通路作用于产甲烷菌,通过作用于瘤胃细菌和真菌以减少氢的产生或竞争氢利用,以及通过去原虫以间接影响产甲烷菌等.同时本文提出反刍动物甲烷减排的三个未来发展方向,包括噬菌体疗法、甲烷厌氧氧化和瘤胃微生物组早期调控,以期为未来反刍动物甲烷减排措施的有效设计和综合应用提供参考.The large amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced by human activities is an important cause of global warming.As the second largest greenhouse gas in the atmosphere,methane emissions seriously affect human health,ecosystem and food security.Low-carbon emission reduction is a common goal of the world.Methane emissions from ruminants,more than 90%of which comes from the rumen,contribute about 17%of total methane emissions worldwide.Rumen methanogenesis in ruminants is the result of direct process of microorganisms,and its methane emission reduction methods have been extensively studied.However,the specific mechanism of methane emission reduction strategies is still unclear,which prevents the development of effective and precise approaches.Therefore,from the perspective of rumen microorganisms and methanogenesis mechanism,this paper summarizes the existing methane emission reduction mechanisms and corresponding methods for different rumen microbiota,including reducing the abundance of methanogens or inhibiting methanogenic pathway,reducing hydrogen production or competing for hydrogen by acting on rumen bacteria and fungi,and indirectly affecting methanogens by defaunation.At the same time,this paper proposes three future development directions of methane reduction in ruminants,including phage therapy,anaerobic oxidation of methane,and early regulation of the rumen microbiome,aiming to provide reference for the effective design and comprehensive application of ruminant methane emission reduction measures in the future.

关 键 词：甲烷减排 瘤胃微生物 反刍动物 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]