分子印迹人工抗体研究进展及应用  

Recent advances and applications of molecularly imprinted artificial antibodies

作　　者：马悦 姚朝阳[1] 张岩 潘国庆 MA Yue;YAO ZhaoYang;ZHANG Yan;PAN GuoQing(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;Institute for Advanced Materials,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学材料科学与工程学院,镇江212013 [2]江苏大学化学化工学院,镇江212013

出　　处：《中国科学:生命科学》2025年第3期544-562,共19页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:32222041)资助。

摘　　要：天然抗体在免疫学研究和临床医学中发挥重要作用.然而天然抗体的合成过程复杂,成本高,并且存储、运输和使用都需要有严格的条件和时效确保其活性.与之相比,分子印迹聚合物(molecularly imprinted polymers,MIPs),作为一种合成材料,不仅具有更灵活的制备和应用条件,还展现出与天然抗体相媲美的特异性和选择性.随着化学、材料与生命科学的不断发展,分子印迹人工抗体已经在生物医学分析、疾病干预治疗等方面展现作为天然抗体替代物的特殊优势.不同于早期文献综述主要涉及在吸附、分离、检测等领域,本文聚焦于与天然抗体功能和应用类似的一类MIPs,并主要介绍它们作为抗体替代物的相关生物医学应用.本文首先从MIPs的材料结构、制备方法、识别机制等方面分析分子印迹人工抗体与天然抗体的相似之处;其次,根据识别位点的分布(MIPs的内部、表层或表面)不同,介绍相应MIPs制备的技术发展及其性能的开发(如形貌、结构、功能);再次,详细归纳分子印迹人工抗体在生物医学领域的各种应用,如,生物传感器、仿酶联免疫分析、生物成像、细胞分离、靶向药物递送、酶抑制、疾病干预、毒素清除等;文章最后总结分子印迹人工抗体发展面临的挑战和未来的展望.Natural antibodies play an important role in immunology and clinical medicine.However,the synthesis process of natural antibodies is complex and costly,in particular,their storage,transportation and use need strict conditions and timeliness to ensure their activity.In contrast,Molecularly Imprinted Polymers(MIPs,a synthetic material),exhibit not only more flexibility in preparation and application,but also specificity and selectivity comparable to natural antibodies.With development of chemistry,materials and life science,MIPs have shown special advantages as substitutes for natural antibodies in biomedical analysis,disease intervention and treatment.Different from previous literatures with concerns over adsorption,separation,detection and other fields,this review paper focuses on a class of MIPs with similar functions and applications to that of natural antibodies,and mainly introduces their related biomedical applications as antibody substitutes.In this paper,the similarities between the MIPs and natural antibody were analyzed from the aspects of material structure,preparation method and recognition mechanism of MIPs.Secondly,according to the distribution of recognition sites(inside,surface or surface of MIPs),the preparation and properties(such as morphology,structure and function)of related MIPs are introduced.Thirdly,the applications of MIPs in the biomedical fields are discussed in detail,such as biosensor,immunoassay,bioimaging,cell isolation,targeted drug delivery,enzyme inhibition,disease intervention,toxin removal,etc.Finally,the challenges and future prospects of the development of MIPs are summarized.

关 键 词：分子印迹聚合物 人工抗体 分子识别 生物医学分析 疾病干预治疗 

分 类 号：R392-33[医药卫生—免疫学] O631.3[医药卫生—基础医学]