我国水行政处罚裁量基准的检视与完善路径  

Review and improvement path of discretionary benchmark for water administrative penalty in China

作　　者：吴志红[1] 代跃 WU Zhihong;DAI Yue(School of Law,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学法学院,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《水利经济》2025年第2期100-107,116,共9页Journal of Economics of Water Resources

摘　　要：完善行政处罚裁量基准是扎实推进依法行政的重要举措,党的二十大报告明确提出要“健全行政裁量基准”。在水行政处罚领域,裁量基准是规范水行政处罚裁量权、保障执法公正合理的重要行政自制手段。对现行水行政处罚裁量基准文本的检视结果表明,相关技术构造中违法情节的考量要件选择不够全面以及处罚效果格次划分不够合理,逸脱条款设置存在缺漏,难以满足水执法实践的需求。针对涉水违法行为的特殊性,可从三方面完善水行政处罚裁量基准:在情节细化上,引入动态调整技术,兼顾环境要素和社会经济要素,预设实质考量要素与量罚格次;在效果格化上,可探析法律原则适用路径,引入裁量法定原则、比例原则对格化技术加以厘正;在逸脱条款设置上,应完善逸脱条款的限制性规则,规范逸脱权的设置、适用条件与监督方式。Improving the discretionary benchmark for administrative penalty is an important measure to solidly promote the rule of law in administration.The Twentieth National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),which explicitly proposes‘improving administrative discretionary benchmark’.In the field of water administrative penalty,benchmark is an important administrative self-regulatory means to standardise the discretionary power of water administrative penalty and ensure fair and reasonable law enforcement.Upon reviewing the current text of the water administrative penalty discretionary benchmark,several issues have been identified,such as the selection of consideration elements for illegal circumstances in the relevant technical structure being insufficiently comprehensive,the classification of penalty effects being inadequately reasonable,and the absence of certain exemption clause,making it difficult to meet the needs of water law enforcement practice.In light of the particularity of water-related illegal activities,the discretionary benchmark for water administrative penalty can be improved in three aspects.In terms of detailing circumstances,dynamic adjustment techniques can be introduced,taking into account environmental factors and socio-economic factors,while pre-setting substantive consideration elements and penalty classifications;in terms of effect classification,the application paths of legal principles can be explored,introducing the principles of legality in discretion and proportionality to clarify the classification techniques;in terms of setting exemption clause,restrictive rules for exemption clause should be improved,standardising the establishment,application conditions,and supervision methods of escape rights.

关 键 词：水行政处罚 裁量基准 技术构造 逸脱条款 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]