表层地球系统的深部过程响应与地表自然灾害  

Surface-Earth response to deep-Earth processes and consequential natural disasters

作　　者：刘静[1] 孙照通 王文鑫 李云帅[1] 姚文倩 崔凤珍 刘丛强[1] LIU Jing;SUN Zhaotong;WANG Wenxin;LI Yunshuai;YAO Wenqian;CUI Fengzhen;LIU Cong-Qiang(Center for Tectonics-Geomorphy-Climate-Ecosystem,School of Earth System Science,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学地球系统科学学院构造-地貌-气候-生态系统科学研究中心,天津300072

出　　处：《地学前缘》2025年第3期7-22,共16页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(4220305,4241001018);科学技术部重点研发项目(2024ZD1001105)。

摘　　要：地球深部过程对表层地球系统的影响构成了地球系统科学研究的核心议题。通过构造运动和火山喷发等多种机制,深部过程改变了物质循环和能量传输的深浅部模式,进而对表层地球系统产生深远影响。这种影响具体表现在以下几个方面:(1)构造活动通过地形的重塑,调控了流域尺度的侵蚀-沉积过程;(2)火山活动和构造运动通过改变大气成分和环流格局,在地质时间尺度上驱动了气候变化,其中硅酸盐风化作用在调节大气中CO2浓度方面扮演了关键角色;(3)深部过程可能引发生态系统演化中的生物灭绝事件,同时也能促进生物多样性的形成;(4)在全球气候变化的背景下,地震和地质灾害通过影响社会-生态系统的稳定性,可能进一步加剧其不稳定性。随着观测技术的持续进步,地球系统科学研究将继续深入理解表层地球系统对深部过程的响应机制、量化其影响强度、预测自然灾害的演化趋势,以及增强社会-生态系统对灾害的适应能力。本文系统梳理了深部过程-表层系统-社会生态的跨尺度耦合机制,有助于理解地球系统整体演化。The interaction between deep-and surface-Earth processes is an important component of Earth system science research.Deep-Earth processes drive the material and energy cycling between the deep and shallow Earth through various mechanisms,such as tectonics and volcanism,thereby influencing the Earth’s surface system.These influences are specifically manifested in the following ways:(1)Tectonics,by reshaping landscapes,regulate erosion and sedimentation processes at the watershed scale.(2)Volcanism and tectonics drive climate change on geological timescales,by affecting atmospheric composition and circulation patterns,with silicate weathering playing a significant role in regulating atmospheric CO2 levels.(3)Deep-Earth processes have a dual impact on ecosystem evolution,potentially causing species extinction while also promoting biodiversity.(4)Earthquakes and geological disasters impact the stability of socio-ecological systems;the impacts may be further exacerbated by global climate change.The cascading disasters triggered by earthquakes and their long-term impacts on social systems warrant attention and research efforts in disaster-prone China.With the advancement of observational technologies,earth system science studies will achieve a deeper understanding of the coupling mechanisms between deep-and surface-Earth systems.This includes quantifying the intensity of interaction,predicting the evolution of natural disasters,and enhancing the resilience of socio-ecological systems to such disasters.This paper provides a systematical review of the cross-scale coupling of deep earth-surface earth-socio-ecological processes,helping to understand the earth system evolution.

关 键 词：表层地球系统 地球关键带 构造-气候耦合 自然灾害链 社会-生态系统 

分 类 号：P542.5[天文地球—构造地质学] P694[天文地球—地质学]