全球变化下生态水文学发展与展望  

Development and prospect of ecohydrology under global change

作　　者：陈喜 董建志 王礼春 张永根 王学静[1,2,3] 狄崇利 高满 刘丛强 CHEN Xi;DONG Jianzhi;WANG Lichun;ZHANG Yonggen;WANG Xuejing;DI Chongli;GAO Man;Liu Cong-Qiang(Center for Ecohydrology and Water Resources,School of Earth System Science,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Tianjin Bohai Rim Coastal Earth Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station,Tianjin 300072,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学地球系统科学学院生态水文与水资源研究中心,天津300072 [2]天津环渤海滨海地球关键带国家野外科学观测研究站,天津300072 [3]天津市环渤海地球关键带科学与可持续发展重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《地学前缘》2025年第3期52-61,共10页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42030506,42261144672)。

摘　　要：在全球变化背景下,生态水文研究的时空尺度得到了极大的拓展,研究内容从水与生物之间的互馈关系及其变化,延伸至水与其他非生物要素(如大气、土壤、岩石)以及人类活动之间的互馈关系及其演变机制。本文基于地球系统科学理念,结合全球变化下生态水文面临的挑战以及研究范式转变,从“土壤-植被-大气”连续体(SPAC)、地球关键带以及流域等多维度探讨生态水文学过程,阐释水分、能量和物质在基岩、土壤、植被和大气界面之间的传输与交换机制以及植被生长对土壤结构和水分动态的反馈作用,论述气候变化和人类活动影响下基岩风化、土壤形成与生态水文过程的协同演变及其对水文循环和物质平衡的影响,并讨论了流域作为连接全球与局地尺度的关键中间单元的重要性。面向水-生态资源可持续利用需求,提出了在人工智能背景下生态水文研究的可能突破途径,包括多源数据融合、物理过程与机器学习结合的建模方法,以及跨学科协作的研究范式。本文旨在构建生态-水文-社会协同发展理论框架,为提升生态系统质量、保障水资源可持续利用、促进社会经济绿色发展提供科学依据和决策支持。Under the context of global change,the spatiotemporal scope of eco-hydrological research has expanded significantly.Eco-hydrology studies originally focused on the mutual feedback between water and living organisms,which now encompass the interactions and evolutionary mechanisms of water,non-living elements(e.g.,atmosphere,soil,and rocks),and human activities.Based on the concept of Earth system science,and considering current research gaps and paradigm shifts,this paper reviews eco-hydrological processes from multiple dimensions including the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum(SPAC),the Earth’s Critical Zone,and watersheds.It first discusses the mechanisms of water,energy,and matter transfer and exchange between bedrock,soil,vegetation,and atmospheric interfaces.The paper then elucides the co-evolution of bedrock weathering,soil formation,and eco-hydrological processes under the influence of climate change and human activities,and their impacts on the hydrological cycle and material balance.It also highlights the importance of watersheds as crucial intermediate units connecting global and local scales.In response to the water and ecological resources sustainability,the paper disscusses potential breakthroughs for eco-hydrological research in the context of artificial intelligence,including multi-source data fusion,modeling methods that integrate physical processes with machine learning,and interdisciplinary collaborative research paradigms.As such,this paper aims to shed lights into the synergistic development of ecology,hydrology,and society,which may enhance the ecosystem quality and promoting green socio-economic development.

关 键 词：生态水文 水资源 地球系统科学 全球变化 

分 类 号：P33[天文地球—水文科学] TV21[水利工程—水文学及水资源]