豇豆枯萎病病原种类鉴定及防控药剂筛选  

Pathogen Identification and Effective Fungicide for Cowpea Wilt Disease

作　　者：张馨予 洪丹露 冯婉珍 陈庆河 ZHANG Xinyu;HONG Danlu;FENG Wanzhen;CHEN Qinghe(School of Breeding and Multiplication(Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication)/School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Sanya,Hainan 572025,China;Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Agricultural and Forestry Biological Disasters,Ministry of Education,Haikou,Hainan570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院)/热带农林学院,海南三亚572025 [2]热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室,海南海口570228

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2025年第1期71-80,共10页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1400100);海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2024XDNY250-3)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确引起豇豆枯萎病的病原菌种类,筛选出对豇豆枯萎病有效的防治药剂。【方法】对豇豆各生长时期枯萎病的发生情况进行田间调查统计,采集发病植株进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过形态学观察、致病性测定及分子鉴定确定病原菌种类,并采用菌丝生长速率法测定10种药剂对病原菌的敏感性,同时进行10种药剂对病原真菌和病原卵菌的抑菌效果测定。【结果】分离纯化得到病原真菌共计135株,病原卵菌共计128株,其中病原真菌包括尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)和黑孢霉菌(Nigrospora osmanthi)等;病原卵菌包括豇豆疫霉(Phytophthora vignae)和烟草疫霉(P.nicotianae)。致病性测定结果表明,尖孢镰刀菌、黑孢霉菌、豇豆疫霉和烟草疫霉均可侵染豇豆引起豇豆枯萎病。药剂敏感性测定结果表明,10种药剂对尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长均具有不同程度的抑制作用,其中咪鲜胺的抑菌效果最好,EC_(50)为0.086μg·mL^(-1),其次为苯醚甲环唑和多菌灵,EC_(50)分别为0.241μg·mL^(-1)和0.944μg·mL^(-1),王铜效果最差,EC_(50)为14719.994μg·mL^(-1)。不同药剂对病原真菌和病原卵菌的抑菌效果测定结果表明,霜脲·嘧菌酯对病原真菌尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌率为55.32%,对病原卵菌豇豆疫霉和烟草疫霉的抑菌率均为100%,可作为防治豇豆枯萎病的药剂。【结论】明确了豇豆枯萎病的病原菌种类,首次发现病原真菌黑孢霉菌和病原卵菌烟草疫霉可以侵染豇豆引起豇豆发病,筛选出对病原菌有较好抑制作用的防控药剂,为豇豆枯萎病的防治提供依据。【Objective】Pathogens causing the cowpea wilt disease and an effective control agent were identified.【Method】Field surveys and statistical analyses were conducted to assess the prevalence of the wilt disease on cowpea plants at various growth stages.Infected plants were collected for pathogen isolation and purification in the laboratory.Suspected microorganisms were examined for morphological characteristics,analyzed for pathogenicity,and identified based on molecular determination.Mycelial growth rate as well as inhibitory effects on the potential pathogenic fungi and oomycetes under treatments of 10 fungicides were determined.【Result】Preliminary,135 strains of microbes and 128 of oomycetes were isolated and purified.They included fungi like Fusarium oxysporum and Nigrospora osmanthi and oomycetes like Phytophthora vignae and P.nicotianae that displayed the disease symptoms on cowpeas.The mycelial growth of F.oxysporum showed varying degrees of sensitivity toward the 10 fungicides.Prochloraz had the highest inhibitory effect of an EC_(50) of 0.086μg·mL^(-1) followed by difenoconazole with an EC_(50) of 0.241μg·mL^(-1) and carbendazim with an EC_(50) of 0.944μg·mL^(-1),while copper oxychloride least effective with a dismal EC_(50) of 14719.994μg·mL^(-1).The inhibition rates of cymoxanil-azoxystrobin were 55.32%against F.oxysporum and 100%against P.vignae and P.nicotianae.It appeared to be the fungicide most effective for controlling,preventing,and treating the disease on cowpeas.【Conclusion】The pathogenic species of cowpea wilt were clarified,and it was first report demonstrating that the pathogenic fungus N.osmanthi and the pathogenic oomycetes P.nicotianae could infect cowpea and cause cowpea disease.Effective control agents with significant inhibitory effects against pathogens were successfully screened,providing a scientific basis for the integrated management of cowpea wilt disease.

关 键 词：豇豆 枯萎病 病原真菌 病原卵菌 防控药剂 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学]