高空核爆电磁脉冲辐照下货运高铁内部电场环境分析  

Analysis of the internal electric field environment of freight high-speed rail irradiated by high-altitude electromagnetic pulse

作　　者：张岩 展滔 王奕沣 金梦哲 任泽瑄 ZHANG Yan;ZHAN Tao;WANG Yifeng;JIN Mengzhe;REN Zexuan(School of Electrical Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050018,China;School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050018,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environmental Effects and Information Processing,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050043,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学电气工程学院,河北石家庄050018 [2]河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院,河北石家庄050018 [3]河北省电磁环境效应与信息处理重点实验室,河北石家庄050043

出　　处：《河北工业科技》2025年第2期172-181,共10页Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(L2023G011);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(ZD2021202);河北省大学创新创业训练计划项目(S202410082012)。

摘　　要：为提升复杂电磁环境下货运高铁车厢内部电磁敏感设备的安全性,以高空核爆电磁脉冲(high-altitude electromagnetic pulse,HEMP)为激励源,使用场路耦合的方法对货运高铁车厢内含有直流-直流(direct current to direct current,DC/DC)转换器的电源机箱内部PCB的电场强度及感应电流进行分析。首先,在电磁仿真软件中建立货运高铁电场环境仿真模型;其次,将机箱放置于车厢内部不同位置,使用HEMP从上部和侧面2个方向对车厢进行辐照,采用有限积分法(FIT)预测HEMP辐照下车厢内部的电场分布并计算机箱内部感应电场强度;然后,使用法兰同轴装置法分析在30~300 MHz内机箱铝合金材质的屏蔽效能;最后,利用场路耦合的方法得到机箱内部PCB电路板的电场强度以及感应电流。结果表明:电场峰值为50 kV/m的HEMP,在距离核爆点水平距离30 km处侧面辐照车厢时,车厢中间靠近车窗位置的电场强度较大;3A21铝含量机箱可有效抑制电场干扰;机箱内部PCB电路板上感应电流峰值为1.9 mA,符合GB 17625.1—2022标准要求;机箱内部PCB电路板上电场强度峰值为270 V/m时,PCB电路工作正常,没有偏离规定的指标值,符合GJB 151B—2013标准中RS103电场辐射敏感度要求。研究结果可为HEMP辐照条件下高铁货物运输电的磁防护提供依据。To improve the safety of electromagnetic sensitive equipment in the carriage in the complex electromagnetic environment,a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse(HEMP)was used as the excitation source,and the electric field-circuit coupling method was used to analyze the electric field strength and induced current of the PCB inside the power supply chassis containing a DC/DC convert in the freight high-speed rail carriage.Firstly,the simulation model of the electric field environment of the freight high-speed rail was established in the electromagnetic simulation software;Secondly,the chassis was placed at different positions inside the carriages,and the HEMP was used to irradiate the carriages from both the upper and side directions.The finite integration method(FIT)was used to predict the electric field distribution inside the carriages under the irradiation of the HEMP and to calculate the strength of the induced electric field inside the computer chassis;Then,the shielding effectiveness of the aluminum alloy material of the chassis in the range of 30~300 MHz was analyzed using the flange coaxial device method.Finally,the electric field strength of the PCB circuit board inside the chassis and the induced current were obtained using the field-circuit coupling method.The results show that for HEMP with a peak electric field of 50 kV/m,the electric field intensity near the window in the middle of the compartment is higher when irradiated on the side of the compartment at a horizontal distance of 30 km from the nuclear explosion point;3A21 aluminum alloy sample chassis can effectively inhibit the electric field interference;The peak induced current on the PCB circuit board inside the chassis is 1.9 mA,which is in line with the requirements of GB 17625.1—2022 standard;When the peak value of electric field intensity on the PCB circuit board inside the chassis is 270 V/m, the PCB circuit works normally without deviating from the specified index value,meeting the requirements of RS103 electric field radiation sensitivit

关 键 词：电磁学 货运高铁 高空核爆电磁脉冲 电场环境 屏蔽作用 

分 类 号：TN972[电子电信—信号与信息处理] X123[电子电信—信息与通信工程]