自然时效对2195铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响  

Effect of natural aging on microstructure and mechanical property of 2195 aluminum alloys

作　　者：翁瑶瑶 李瑞明 郑罗肖 赵瑞欣 周洋鑫 郑玥 WENG Yaoyao;LI Ruiming;ZHENG Luoxiao;ZHAO Ruixin;ZHOU Yangxin;ZHENG Yue(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanjing Institute of Technology,Nanjing 211167,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工程学院材料科学与工程学院,南京211167

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2025年第3期732-744,共13页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52471136,52101141);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX23_1188);江苏省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202411276011Z)。

摘　　要：2195系Al-Cu-Li合金具有良好的综合力学性能,广泛用作飞机航天器的关键零部件。本文通过力学性能测试和微观组织表征,系统研究了自然时效对喷射成型Al-Cu-Li合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,自然时效能够显著影响后续人工时效的析出强化行为,其中,经4 d自然时效后再人工时效处理(160℃,50 h)的Al-Cu-Li合金具有最高的峰值时效硬度,为168.8HV。在自然时效过程中,Al-Cu-Li合金基体中形成大量的富Cu团簇,造成时效强化作用。在后续人工时效阶段,时效早期尺寸较小的富Cu团簇发生溶解,使硬度略微降低;而尺寸较大的富Cu团簇可作为析出相的异质形核点,促进合金的析出强化作用。在合金峰值时效阶段,GPB区、θ''相、θ'相、T_(1)相、S相、β'-Al_(3)Zr相和χ相等不同的析出相共存在基体中,造成合金强化。2195 series Al-Cu-Li alloy is extensively utilized in critical components of aircraft and spacecraft owing to its superior comprehensive mechanical properties.The influence of natural aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Li alloy through mechanical testing and microstructural characterization was systematically investigated.The results show that the natural aging can significantly affect the precipitation strengthening during subsequent artificial aging for Al-Cu-Li alloys.Specifically,the alloy subjected to natural aging for four days followed by artificial aging at 160℃for 50 h exhibited the highest peak aging hardness,reaching 168.8HV.During the natural aging,a large number of Cu-rich clusters are formed in the matrix of the Al-Cu-Li alloy,resulting in aging strengthening.In the subsequent artificial aging,the smaller Cu-rich clusters dissolve in the early aging stage,leading to a slight decrease in hardness.The larger Cu-rich clusters act as heterogeneous nucleation sites of precipitates,thereby enhancing the precipitation strengthening.At the peak aging stage,a complex coexistence of various precipitates is observed within the matrix,including the GPB zone,θ″phase,θ′phase,T_(1) phase,S phase,β′-Al_(3)Zr phase andχprecipitates.

关 键 词：AL-CU-LI合金 人工时效 自然时效 析出强化 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG146.21[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]