呼和浩特市古榆树心腐特征及其影响因素  

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Heart Rot in Ancient Elm Trees in Hohhot

作　　者：孙耀文 南海风[2] 王晓敏 左郎 南若晗 SUN Yaowen;NAN Haifeng;WANG Xiaomin;ZUO Lang;NAN Ruohan(College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010;School of Architecture and Planning,Inner Mongolia Technical College of Construction,Hohhot 010070;Hohhot Garden Construction Service Center,Hohhot 010000;Ordos Department of Afforestation,Ordos 014300;College of Forestry,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,呼和浩特010010 [2]内蒙古建筑职业技术学院建筑与规划学院,呼和浩特010070 [3]呼和浩特市园林建设服务中心,呼和浩特010000 [4]鄂尔多斯市造林总场,鄂尔多斯014300 [5]内蒙古农业大学林学院,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《植物研究》2025年第2期266-276,共11页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZZ23065)。

摘　　要：研究呼和浩特市古榆树心腐特征及其影响因素,并提出古榆树保护策略,为古榆树保护工作提供理论依据。利用Picus³应力波树干横断面扫描仪和TRU树木雷达检测系统对呼和浩特市44株古榆树样本的心腐特征进行普查,采用线性回归模型分析古榆树心腐与健康指标、形态指标和环境指标的关系,探究古榆树心腐的相关影响因素。结果表明:呼和浩特市古榆树心腐等级数量占比从大到小依次为Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅰ级、Ⅳ级,树干心腐始点出现的频率从高到低依次为髓心(S,36次)、树干边材(B,25次)、树干中部(Z,14次)。根系密度在垂直和水平方向上的分布规律一致,均表现为离主干越近根系密度越大。影响因素中主干病害(R2=0.302)、主干虫害(R2=0.234)、树皮损伤(R2=0.225)、土壤紧实度(R2=0.248)与心腐指数关系极显著(P<0.01);根系生长空间(R2=0.187)、树冠生长空间(R2=0.103)、根系密度(R2=0.121)与心腐指数关系显著(P<0.05);而主干倾斜(R2=0.011)、冠形(R2=0.013)与心腐指数无显著关系(P>0.05)。呼和浩特市古榆树心腐初期主要发生在树干的髓心和边材区域,病因是树干边材受到损伤,但髓心出现的心腐危害更严重。古榆树树干健康随树木生长逐渐衰退,且当树干出现腐烂或空洞时,树干衰退速度加快。古榆树心腐与健康指标、环境指标有显著相关性,与古树自身形态指标无显著相关性,根系密度也是影响古榆树心腐的重要因素。因此,及时评估古榆树健康状态,及时人为干预治疗修复,加大力度保护树体免受损伤,加强树干内部损伤检测,在可实现范围内应合理规划古榆树生长所需的物理空间,并及时松土保证其有充足的生长空间和养分补给,注意病虫害防治和树皮损伤修复,减少外界环境侵害,提高古榆树养护成效。The characteristics and influencing factors of heart rot in ancient elm trees in Hohhot were studied,and protection strategies for ancient elm trees were proposed to provide a theoretical basis for their conservation.In this study,Picus3 stress wave trunk cross-sectional scanner and TRU tree radar detection system were used to determine the heart rot characteristics of 44 ancient elm samples in Hohhot by 1∶1 stratified random sampling method.Linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between heart rot of ancient elm trees and health indicators,morphological indicators and environmental indicators,and to explore the related factors influencing heart rot of ancient elm trees.The results showed that the quantity proportion of heart rot grades of ancient elm trees in Hohhot was ranked from large to small as gradeⅡ>Ⅲ>Ⅰ>Ⅳ,and the frequency of the beginning point of trunk heart rot was ranked from high to low as pith(S,36 times)>trunk sapwood(B,25 times)>middle trunk(Z,14 times).The distribution of root density in the vertical and horizontal directions was consistent,indicating that the closer to the trunk,the greater the root density.Among the influencing factors,trunk diseases(R2=0.302),trunk pests(R2=0.234),bark damage(R2=0.225),soil compaction(R2=0.248)and heart rot index were significantly correlated(P<0.01).Root growth space(R2=0.187),crown growth space(R2=0.103)and root density(R2=0.121)were significantly correlated with heart rot index(P<0.05).There was no significant correlation between trunk inclination(R2=0.011),crown shape(R2=0.013)and heart rot index(P>0.05).The heart rot of ancient elm trees in Hohhot initially occurred mainly in the pith and sapwood areas of the trunk,the heart rot was mainly caused by damage to the sapwood of the trunk in the early stage of heart rot,but the heart rot in the pith was more serious.The trunk health of the ancient elm trees gradually declined with the growth of the trees,and the decline rate accelerated when the trunk appeared rot or cavities.The

关 键 词：呼和浩特市 古榆树 心腐特征 根系分布 Picus³应力波检测 

分 类 号：Q944.3[生物学—植物学]