大兴安岭地区野生芍药居群表型多样性  

Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Natural Herbaceous Peony Populations in Great Khingan Mountains

作　　者：汤嘉莹 张进坤 胡继文 王福德 辛培尧[1] 麻文俊[2] TANG Jiaying;ZHANG Jinkun;HU Jiwen;WANG Fude;XIN Peiyao;MA Wenjun(School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224;Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091;Forestry Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150081)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学园林园艺学院,西南地区生物多样性保育国家林业和草原局重点实验室,昆明650224 [2]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091 [3]黑龙江省林业科学研究所,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《植物研究》2025年第2期299-314,共16页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(CAFYBB2020ZB003)。

摘　　要：芍药(Paeonia lactiflora)是芍药科(Paeoniaceae)芍药属(Paeonia)多年生草本宿根花卉,在我国东北、华北和西北等地区广泛分布,但由于人为破坏和环境变化,其种质资源骤减。该研究以东北大兴安岭地区12个野生芍药居群的256个单株为材料,收集了23个表型性状数据,利用巢式方差分析、Pearson相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法,探究其表型变异规律与多样性水平。株高、冠幅、茎基粗等15个数量性状的变异系数和Shannon-Wiener指数均值分别为25.88%(12.34%~92.78%)和1.843,小叶类型、小叶内卷程度、花色等8个质量性状的Shannon-Wiener指数均值为1.146。11个表型性状在居群间和居群内均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),居群间表型分化系数均值为25.72%。相关性分析表明,15个数量性状间大多存在显著或极显著相关。花径与纬度、湿度、降水等指标呈负相关,与海拔、日照时间、温度呈正相关;花瓣数量与纬度呈正相关,与日照时间呈负相关;复叶长与降水量呈正相关,表明温度和地理因子对野生芍药花表型性状的影响大于茎叶表型性状。主成分分析共提炼出4个主成分,累计贡献率为88.678%。聚类分析可将野生芍药12个居群分为3类:第1类为P3居群,花部特征为多头大花型,具较强观赏性;第2类包括P7、P9两个居群,株高、茎粗、莛数量、复叶、顶小叶等茎叶性状指标值较其他居群更大,表现为长势旺盛;第3类的9个居群表现为复叶、顶小叶短窄,花径较宽而花梗较短的类型。大兴安岭地区野生芍药表型多样性和变异水平较高,且居群内变异为主要来源。该研究可为更好地保护利用野生芍药资源提供依据。Paeonia lactiflora is a perennial herbaceous plant of Paeonia genus in the Paeoniaceae family,widely distributed in northeast,north and northwest China,but its germplasm resources sharply decreased due to human destruction and environmental changes.To explore the rule of phenotypic variation and the phenotypic diversity,256 individual plants from 12 natural populations of P.lactiflora in Great Khingan Mountains were used as materials,and the data on 23 phenotypic characteristics were collected,and the methods of Nested analysis of variance,Pearson correlation analysis,principal components analysis and cluster analysis were used,respectively.The results showed that the coefficient of variation and the mean Shannon-Wiener index of 15 quantitative traits such as plant height and crown width were 25.88%(12.34%-92.78%)and 1.843,respectively.The mean Shannon-Wiener index of eight quality traits such as leaflet type,the degree of leaflet retraction and flower color was 1.146.There were significant differences in 11 phenotypic traits among and within populations(P<0.01),and the average phenotypic differentiation coefficient between populations was 25.72%.The correlations indicated that most of the 15 quantitative traits were significantly or extremely significantly correlated with each other.The flower diameter was negatively correlated with latitude,humidity and precipitation,but positively correlated with altitude,annual average sunshine hours and temperature;the number of petals was positively correlated with latitude,but negatively correlated with the average annual sunshine hours.The length of compound leaves was positively correlated with the average annual precipitation.The above results indicated that temperature and geographical factors had more impact on flower phenotypic traits than on stem and leaf phenotypic traits of P.lactiflora.Four principal components were extracted by principal component analysis and accumulative contribution rate was 88.678%.The 12 natural populations were divided into three categorie

关 键 词：芍药 表型变异 多样性分析 环境因子 

分 类 号：S718.4[农业科学—林学] Q346[生物学—遗传学]