图像识别技术在杏品种资源叶片形态评估与多样性研究中的应用  

Application of Image Recognition Technology in the Assessment of Leaf Morphology and Diversity of Apricot Germplasm

作　　者：王碧君 章秋平[1] 刘威生[1] 刘硕[1] 刘宁[1] 张玉萍[1] 张玉君[1] 徐铭[1] 马小雪[1] 刘家成 赵海娟[1] WANG Bijun;ZHANG Qiuping;LIU Weisheng;LIU Shuo;LIU Ning;ZHANG Yuping;ZHANG Yujun;XU Ming;MA Xiaoxue;LIU Jiacheng;ZHAO Haijuan(Liaoning Institute of Pomology,Xiongyue 115009)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省果树科学研究所,熊岳115009

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2025年第3期539-553,共15页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：辽宁省种质创新藏粮于技专项计划(2023JH1/10200005);国家自然科学基金(31972365);国家园艺作物种质资源基础平台(NICGR2021-056);辽宁省李杏首席科技特派员(2023JH5/10400156)。

摘　　要：为了探讨杏叶片形态的遗传多样性,方便杏种质资源收集和品种识别,本研究以142份杏种质资源为材料,对杏叶片的28个表型性状进行了调查,基于图片识别技术对杏品种资源叶片形态特征进行快速评价。表型性状多样性分析结果表明,28个表型性状中13个质量性状和8个数量性状的变异系数均高于10%,表明142份杏品种资源的叶片表型存在丰富的遗传多样性。相关性分析发现叶片面积、叶片周长、叶片长度、叶片宽度4个性状间存在极显著的正相关;叶基形状、叶基角度与叶片长/宽呈极显著负相关;叶片圆度与叶尖长短呈显著负相关。主成分分析结果显示第1主成分由叶片大小相关性状组成;第2主成分为叶片颜色相关性状;第3和4主成分分别反映了叶片形状与叶片锯齿高度。根据聚类分析将杏种质资源大致划分为大叶-楔形类、小叶-浅绿类、大叶-深绿类、小叶-深绿类、小叶-圆形类、大叶-心形类、大叶-截形类和混杂类群等8个类群,第Ⅷ类群被分为6个亚群。本研究增加叶尖长短、叶缘锯齿深浅、叶片最宽处位置3个叶片质量性状作为识别不同杏品种的依据,对于今后我国杏种质资源的叶片形态评价与品种识别具有一定的参考价值。To explore the genetic diversity of apricot leaf morphology and facilitate the collection of apricot germplasm resources and variety identification,this study investigated 28 leaf phenotypic traits across 142 germplasm resources.Leaf morphological characteristics were rapidly evaluated using picture recognition technology.The results of phenotypic trait diversity analysis showed the coefficients of variation(CV)of the 13 qualitative and 8 quantitative traits were higher than 10%,indicating rich genetic diversity on leaf morphology in the collection.Correlation analysis revealed highly significant positive correlations among leaf area,leaf perimeter,leaf length,and leaf width;highly significant negative correlations between leaf base shape,leaf base angle,and leaf length/width;and significant negative correlations between leaf roundness and leaf tip length.Principal component analysis indicated that the first principal component,consisting of leaf area,leaf circumference,leaf length,leaf width,and petiole length,mainly reflected traits related to leaf blade size.The second principal component reflected traits related to leaf blade color,while the third and fourth principal components reflected traits related to leaf blade shape and blade sawtooth height,respectively.Cluster analysis broadly classified these samples into eight taxa,including large-leafedcuneate,small-leafed-light green,large-leafed-dark green,small-leafed-dark green,small-leafedrounded,large-leafed-cordate,large-leafed-truncate,and mixed taxa,and theⅧtaxon was divided into six subgroups.Collectively,this study suggested three qualitative traits,leaf tip length,leaf margin sawtooth depth,and widest position of the leaf,to identify different apricot varieties,thus providing a reference for future evaluations of leaf morphology and variety recognition of apricot germplasm resources in China.

关 键 词：杏 叶片形态 分级形状 数量性状 多样性 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]