燕山板栗品种资源坚果表型多样性分析及评价  

Nut Phenotypic Diversity Analysis and Evaluation of Chinese Chestnut Variety Resources in Yanshan Mountains

作　　者：张馨方[1] 张树航[1] 李颖[1] 郭燕[1] 刘金雨 范丽颖 王广鹏[1] ZHANG Xinfang;ZHANG Shuhang;LI Ying;GUO Yan;LIU Jinyu;FAN Liying;WANG Guangpeng(Changli Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Changli 066600)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所,昌黎066600

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2025年第3期554-565,共12页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1600401);板栗现代种业科技创新专项(21326304D);河北省农林科学院科技创新专项(2022KJCXZK-RW-5);河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费项目(2024020201);国家园艺种质资源库项目(NHGRC2024-NHCD8)。

摘　　要：探讨燕山板栗(Castanea mollissima Bl.)资源表型多样性,并运用多种分析方法对其重要坚果表型性状进行靶向性评价。采集118份燕山板栗品种资源的坚果表型性状数据(11个描述型性状和15个数值型性状),结合遗传多样性指数、主成分分析、隶属函数、聚类分析等方法进行评价,旨在依据各品种坚果表型特性匹配适宜的利用方式。结果表明,11个描述型性状的多样性指数范围为0.33(茸毛多少)~1.14(坚果颜色),变异系数范围为11.63%(筋线明显程度)~51.07%(接线形状)。15个数值型性状变异系数范围为3.09%(出仁率)~24.69%(种壳重),其中种壳重、单蓬重、种仁重和单粒重的变异系数大于20%;遗传多样性指数范围为1.85(底座宽)~2.09(坚果长);大多数值型性状之间存在显著或极显著的相关性。主成分分析结果显示前4个主成分的累积贡献率达80.768%,其中第1主成分的贡献率最大,可作为坚果大小相关的综合指标。坚果经济性状综合得分较高的品种资源包括尖栗、南垂5号、兴隆1号、马兴栗、燕栗1号、大板红、燕丽、平泉(葛)、抚宁薄皮和替码实生。The purpose of this study was to explore the phenotypic diversity of Castanea mollissima Bl.in Yanshan Mountains,and evaluate the nut appearance and economic traits targetedly using a variety of analytical methods.The phenotypic datasets(11 descriptive traits and 15 numerical traits)in 118 chestnut variety resources in Yanshan Mountains were collected.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index,principal component analysis,membership function and cluster analysis were used to evaluate and guide the appropriate utilization methods according to the nut phenotypic characteristics.The value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H')of 11 descriptive traits ranged from 0.33(number of pubescence)to 1.14(color of nut),and the value of coefficient of variation was 11.63%(obviousness of stripes)-51.07%(wiring shape).The value of coefficient of variation of 15 numerical traits ranged from 3.09%(kernel rate)to 24.69%(shell weight),and the value of coefficient of variation of shell weight,bar size,kernel weight and nut size was greater than 20%.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 1.85(base width)to 2.09(nut length).There were significant or extremely significant correlations among most numerical traits.The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 80.768%,and contribution ratio of the first principal component was the largest,which could be used as a comprehensive index related to nut size.The variety resources with higher comprehensive scores of nut processing economic traits included Jianli,Nanchui 5,Xinglong 1,Maxingli,Yanli 1,Dabanhong,Yanli,Pingquan(Ge),Funingbaopi and Timashisheng.

关 键 词：板栗 坚果表型 经济性状 评价 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]