红外光谱法在氢燃料电池汽车氢气分析中的应用  

Application of Infrared Spectroscopy in Hydrogen Analysis of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles

作　　者：刘丹 袁蕙 万伟 徐广通 LIU Dan;YUAN Hui;WAN Wei;XU Guang-tong(SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2025年第4期901-907,共7页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题项目(2019YFB1505004);中石化重大科技项目(120014)资助。

摘　　要：氢能作为一种洁净能源是未来替代化石燃料的重要形式之一,氢燃料电池汽车是氢能应用最有前景的发展领域。制氢工艺的不同会导致氢燃料赋存多种痕量杂质,如甲醛(HCHO)、甲酸(HCOOH)、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化碳(CO_(2))、水(H_(2)O)、甲烷(CH_(4))、乙烷(C_(2)H_(6))、丙烷(C_(3)H_(8))、乙烯(C_(2)H_(4))、卤化物、含硫化合物及颗粒物等,其对电池系统造成不同程度的损害,影响燃料电池汽车安全运行,因此国内外均对氢气纯度及痕量杂质限值制定了极为严格的标准。ISO14687—2:2019和GB/T 37244—2018均推荐傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)分析其中部分关键杂质,经过本课题组实践和改进,已经证实其可靠有效。近年来基于红外光谱原理,发展了新兴红外光谱技术,包括可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)、光声光谱(PAS)、腔增强吸收光谱(CEAS)、腔衰荡光谱技术(CRDS)等,其突破了传统红外光谱技术光源、激光器等的限制,有望未来应用于氢燃料痕量杂质分析。文章综述了氢燃料中8类杂质的分析方法,深入探讨了FTIR分析氢燃料杂质的应用进展,总结了新兴红外光谱技术在痕量气体分析领域的优势和不足,进一步对红外光谱的方法学发展趋势作出展望。Hydrogen energy,as a clean energy source,is one of the important forms of replacing fossil fuels in the future,and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are the most promising development direction for hydrogen energy applications.Different hydrogen production processes can lead to the presence of various trace impurities in hydrogen fuel,such as formaldehyde,formic acid,carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide,water,methane,ethane,propane,ethylene,halides,sulfur compounds,and particulate matter,which can cause varying degrees of damage to the battery system and affect the safe operation of fuel cell vehicles.Therefore,extremely strict standards have been established for domestic and international hydrogen purity and trace impurity limits.Both ISO14687—2:2019 and GB/T 37244—2018 standards recommend Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze some key impurities.After practice and improvement by our research group,it has been proven to be reliable and effective.In recent years,based on the principle of infrared spectroscopy,some emerging infrared spectroscopy technologies have been developed,including tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS),photoacoustic spectroscopy(PAS),cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy(CEAS)and cavity ring-down spectroscopy(CRDS),breaking through the limitations of traditional infrared spectroscopy technologies such as light sources and lasers.It is expected to be applied in the future analysis of trace impurities in hydrogen fuel.This article summarizes the analysis methods of 8 types of impurities in hydrogen fuel and deeply explores the application progress of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technology in analyzing these impurities.It summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of emerging infrared spectroscopy technology in trace gas analysis,and further prospects the methodological development trend of infrared spectroscopy.

关 键 词：红外光谱法 燃料电池汽车 氢气 痕量杂质 

分 类 号：O6-1[理学—化学]