恭王府葆光室彩画颜料成分分析  

Analysis of Pigments of Polychrome Paintings From the Baoguang Hall of Prince Kung s Palace Museum

作　　者：章文杰 高珊 曹振伟[3] 韩向娜 ZHANG Wen-jie;GAO Shan;CAO Zhen-wei;HAN Xiang-na(Key Laboratory of Archaeomaterials and Conservation,Ministry of Education,Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science&Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Prince Kung s Palace Museum,Ministry of Culture and Tourism,Beijing 100009,China;The Ancient Architecture Department of the Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]材料考古与保护教育部重点实验室,北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京100083 [2]文化和旅游部恭王府博物馆,北京100009 [3]故宫博物院古建部,北京100009

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2025年第4期1028-1035,共8页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1522400);文化和旅游部恭王府博物馆科研项目(GBLXWF-2021-Z-01)资助。

摘　　要：恭王府是保存相对完整、开放面积最大的清代王府,其府邸区域曾先后作为固伦和孝公主府(和珅宅)、庆王府、恭王府使用。葆光室在恭王府时期是恭亲王的私人会客厅,档案记载其现存彩画多为清中期。目前对于恭王府彩画的研究多在于其形制、美学风格等,尚未开展对其制作工艺及材料的科学分析。利用超景深显微镜、偏光显微镜、激光拉曼光谱仪和扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪,对取自恭王府葆光室的彩画颜料进行分析鉴定。结果表明,葆光室彩画青色颜料有石青、靛蓝、普鲁士蓝、青金石、人造群青和Smalt,绿色颜料为碱式氯化铜,红色系颜料有银朱、铅丹和铁红,黄色颜料为雌黄,白色颜料有白垩、铅白和高岭土,黑色颜料为碳黑。此外,葆光室彩画中还发现了较普遍的多层彩画和颜料混用情况。葆光室彩画颜料应用年代多集中于清中期,说明多数现存彩画较大可能为清中期遗存,与档案记载的彩画绘制时期相符。该研究系首次对恭王府彩画制作工艺及材料进行科学分析,取得的初步研究成果丰富了清代官式建筑彩画颜料的应用情况,以期为后续彩画研究和保护工作提供参考。The Prince Kung s Palace Museum is the largest and most well-preserved Qing dynasty princely residence,with its mansion area having been used successively as the residence of“GuLun-HeXiao”Princess(Heshen s residence),Prince Qing s Mansion,and Prince Kung s Mansion.Baoguang Hall served as the private reception hall for Prince Kung during his time.According to archival records,most of the existing polychrome paintings in Baoguang Hall date back to the mid-Qing period.Previous research on the polychrome paintings of the Prince Kung s Palace Museum has primarily focused on their form and aesthetic style,with little scientific analysis conducted on their production techniques and materials.This study utilizes a suite of analytical techniques,including depth-of-field microscopy,polarized light microscopy,laser Raman spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,to analyze and identify the pigments used in the polychrome paintings from Baoguang Hall.The results showed that the cyan pigments of the color painting of the Baoguang Hall were azurite[2CuCO 3·Cu(OH)2],indigo(C 16 H 10 N_(2)O_(2)),Prussian blue(Fe 4[Fe(CN)6]3),lazurite(Na 8Al 6Si 6O_(2)4 S n),artificial ultramarine(Na 8Al 6Si 6O_(2)4 S n)and Smalt(CoO·nSiO_(2)).The green pigments were copper chloride hydroxide[CuCl 2·3Cu(OH)2].The red pigments were vermilion(HgS),red lead(Pb 3O 4),and iron red(Fe_(2)O_(3)).The yellow pigments were orpiment(As 2S 3).The white pigments were chalk(CaCO 3),kaolin[Al 2Si 2O 5(OH)4]and lead white[2PbCO 3·Pb(OH)2].The black pigments were carbon(C).Additionally,the study found a prevalent use of multi-layered polychrome paintings and mixed pigments.The pigments application dates are mostly concentrated in the mid-Qing period,indicating that most of the extant polychrome paintings are likely remnants from this era,consistent with the documented period of their creation.This study represents the first scientific analysis of the production techniques and materials of the polychrom

关 键 词：恭王府 葆光室 彩画 拉曼光谱 

分 类 号：G878.8[文化科学—体育训练]