机构地区:[1]陕西省考古研究院,陕西西安710109 [2]考古发掘现场文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地,陕西西安710109 [3]西北工业大学文化遗产研究院,陕西西安710072 [4]考古探测与文物保护技术教育部重点实验室(西北工业大学),陕西西安710072 [5]中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所,光谱成像技术研究室,陕西西安710119
出 处:《光谱学与光谱分析》2025年第4期1036-1044,共9页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis
基 金:国家自然科学基金面上项目(52372035);国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFF0906202)资助。
摘 要:2022年11月出土于陕西西安白杨寨晚唐墓M1373是一项保存较好的晚唐墓葬遗产,其多彩多姿的墓葬壁画对于研究晚唐时期的祭祀、礼仪、音乐、服饰、艺术等具有重要意义,特别是为研究唐宋之际的壁画风格题材转变提供了直接材料。然而,由于年代久远,该壁画颜料层依旧出现了许多典型病害,如颜料脱落、起甲、泥水污染等,加之后续揭取会给壁画颜料层带来人为干预,这会使得壁画信息受到一定影响。为此,利用高光谱成像技术在壁画揭取之前进行一体化图谱信息获取,而后采用光谱分析与高光谱图像处理技术对壁画表面颜料层进行分析,并以乐舞图为例,研究该壁画绘制的颜料与工艺。实验结果表明:该壁画红色、黄色、绿色等颜料采用了传统的赭石、土黄/石黄、石绿等矿物颜料,且在绘制地毯花卉时,红色颜料和绿色颜料被大量稀释使用,而黄色颜料使用并不明显;壁画绘制时用墨色或硬笔起底稿,用红线勾勒,底稿线与表层勾勒线大多存在偏移,且有些区域勾勒线与底稿线偏移较严重,说明起稿和定稿之间有一定的改动;同时,部分区域底稿线较为明显,部分区域则不太清晰,通过高光谱图像处理方法,发现了隐藏于颜料层表面或勾线之下的起稿线;该壁画主要采用了分布式非重叠二维直视的画面布局方式,空间立体感稍差,但对于乐手手指和乐笛交汇的多个位置,有的出现了前景与背景图案非重叠的二维直视绘制方式,有的出现了少量前景与背景图案重叠的二维透视绘制方式,说明该壁画在绘制前和绘制时进行较好的布局设计,且未出现明显的涂改。此外,还发现该壁画存在一些隐藏的污水污染病害。上述研究为该壁画的现场保护方案制定和后续研究与保护修复等提供了数据资料、研究方法和初步结论支撑。The late Tang tomb M1373,unearthed in November 2022 in Baiyangzhai,Xi an City,Shaanxi Province,is a well-preserved late Tang tomb heritage.Its colorful and varied tomb murals are significant for studying the worship,etiquette,music,clothing,art,and other aspects of the late Tang period,especially providing direct materials for studying the transformation of mural styles and themes during the Tang and Song dynasties.However,due to its age,the pigment layer of the mural still exhibits many typical diseases,such as pigment peeling,nail peeling,and mud and water pollution.In addition,subsequent mural removal will bring human intervention to the mural.The above will have a certain impact on the information and value of the mural.For this purpose,in this study,we utilized hyperspectral imaging technology to obtain integrated spectral and special information before uncovering murals.Then,spectral analysis and hyperspectral image processing techniques were used to analyze the surface pigment layer of murals.Taking the music and dance painting as an example,the pigment and craftsmanship of mural painting were studied.The experimental results show that the mural uses traditional mineral pigments such as ochre,earth yellow/mineral yellow,and mineral green for its red,yellow,and green pigments,and when drawing carpet flowers,red and green pigments are heavily diluted and used.In contrast,the use of yellow pigments is not obvious.When drawing murals,ink or a hard pen starts the draft,and red lines outline it.The baseline lines are mostly offset from the surface outline lines,and some areas of the outline lines are severely offset from the baseline lines,indicating certain changes between the start and final drafts.Some areas of the baseline lines are more obvious,while others are unclear.Through hyperspectral image processing methods,it was discovered that the starting lines were hidden beneath the pigment layer surface or lines.Moreover,these murals mainly adopted a distributed non overlapping two-dimensional direct view lay
关 键 词:唐墓壁画 光谱分析 高光谱图像处理 壁画颜料层 壁画绘制工艺
分 类 号:K854.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]
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