2017年以来美国对华学术“脱钩”政策评析  

Analysis and Evaluation of U.S.Academic Decoupling Policy Toward China Since 2017

作　　者：石培培[1] SHI Peipei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所

出　　处：《当代美国评论》2025年第1期22-43,126,共23页Contemporary American Review

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“美国国会涉华立法行为研究”(项目编号:20BGJ060)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2017年以来,中美地缘政治风险和技术竞争加剧,美国对华学术交流政策出现明显转向,美方从技术遏制、人员管控、提升监管和强化执法行动等几个方面着手对华施压。中美两国学术交流合作空间被显著压缩,“脱钩”势头明显,主要表现为两国学术合作项目的减少、签证限制的加强、研究合作的受阻、资助与合规审查的收紧以及政策与舆论导向的对立性增强。美国实行对华学术“脱钩”政策受到包括国家安全、意识形态与地缘政治等多重因素的影响。这一举措在双边层面削弱了中美间的知识流动与各自的创新潜力,在全球层面引发了学术合作网络的重组与分裂风险。随着特朗普进入第二个执政期,美国对华学术“脱钩”举措有可能进一步升级。Since 2017,escalating geopolitical risks and technological competition between China and the United States have led to a significant shift in U.S.policy toward academic exchanges with China.The U.S.has adopted measures such as technological containment,personnel restrictions,enhanced oversight,and intensified enforcement actions to exert pressure on China.The space for academic exchange and cooperation between the two countries has been markedly reduced,with a clear trend toward decoupling.This is primarily reflected in the decline of joint academic projects,tightened visa restrictions,obstacles to research collaboration,stricter funding and compliance reviews,and an increasingly adversarial policy and public opinion environment.The U.S.policy of academic decoupling from China is driven by a combination of factors,including national security concerns,ideological differences,and geopolitical dynamics.At the bilateral level,this policy has weakened the mutual flow of knowledge and the innovation potential of both nations,while at the global level,it risks reorganizing and fragmenting academic collaboration networks.With Donald Trump entering his second term,U.S.measures to decouple academically from China are unlikely to ease and may even intensify further.

关 键 词：中美关系 美国对华政策 “脱钩” 学术交流 国家安全 

分 类 号：F83[经济管理—金融学]