量子博弈:美国在量子信息科技领域的对华竞争  

Quantum Rivalry:U.S.Competition with China in the Field of Quantum Information Technology

作　　者：俞凤 YU Feng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所

出　　处：《当代美国评论》2025年第1期44-63,127,共21页Contemporary American Review

摘　　要：作为信息技术的重要领域,量子信息科技涵盖量子计算、量子通信和量子精密测量三大核心方向,已成为全球科技竞争的战略制高点,对维护国家安全、提升经济竞争力以及发展基础科学具有深远影响。近年来,中国在该领域的快速崛起引发美国对其量子霸权地位的深切忧虑。为巩固技术优势,美国采取“全政府”模式加大国内量子科技投入,深化与盟友的科技合作以构建遏华国际联盟,并实施高强度技术封锁以限制中国的量子技术突破。尽管这些举措在短期内产生了一定成效,但仍面临诸多挑战,主要表现为资金支持的不确定性、量子科技发展管理的碎片化、国际合作的表面化、技术标准的不统一、对华封锁的反噬效应等。可以预见,未来美国政府仍将调整升级其对华量子竞争战略,中国发展面临的外部压力将会持续维持在高位。As a crucial field of information technology,quantum information science encompasses three core areas,namely,quantum computing,quantum communication,and quantum precision measurement.It has become a strategic high ground in global technological competition,exerting a profound impact on national security,economic competitiveness,and the advancement of fundamental science.In recent years,China's rapid rise in this domain has triggered deep concerns in the United States regarding its quantum supremacy.To consolidate its technological advantage,the U.S.has adopted a“whole-of-government”approach,increasing domestic investment in quantum technology,strengthening scientific and technological cooperation with allies to build an anti-China international alliance,and implementing high-intensity technological blockades to limit China's quantum advancements.Although these measures have yielded some short-term results,they continue to face multiple challenges,including uncertainty in funding support,fragmented governance of quantum technology develop ment,superficial international cooperation,lack of unified technical standards,and the counterproductive effects of imposing restrictions on China.It can be expected that the U.S.government will continue to refine its quantum competition strategy against China,while external pressures on China's quantum development are likely to remain elevated in the foreseeable future.

关 键 词：中美关系 美国外交 量子信息科技 中美科技竞争 美国量子战略 

分 类 号：O41[理学—理论物理]