国家公园生态资产管理的内涵、挑战及创新  

The concept,challenges and innovation of national park Eco⁃Assets Management

作　　者：昌敦虎 马奔[1] 唐小平 温亚利[3] 庞军[1] CHANG Dunhu;MA Ben;TANG Xiaoping;WEN Yali;PANG Jun(School of Ecology and Environment,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Academy of Forestry Inventory and Planning,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China;School of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学生态环境学院,北京100872 [2]国家林业和草原局林草调查规划院,北京100714 [3]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《国家公园(中英文)》2025年第2期75-83,共9页Natinonal Park

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目成果(24XNR02)。

摘　　要：基于“生态资源-生态资产-生态产品”的链条,面向国家公园体制提出国家公园生态资产管理的概念。国家公园生态资产概念的提出具有资产化管理国家公园和国家代表性的生态系统保护双重意义。国家公园生态资产管理的内涵包括:守护国家生态安全、建立全民所有资产委托代理机制、稳步推进保护地役权改革、实行全域用途管制、创新生态资产特许经营制度、完善生态保护补偿机制、构建生态资产监测评估制度。在生态优先的原则下,建设好、管理好、保护好国家公园,全面、系统开展国家公园生态资产管理,促进自然资源资产持续保值增值,是协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长的重要载体。然而,目前国家公园生态资产管理面临管理体制不够健全、产权界定不够清晰、保护与利用不够平衡等挑战。国家公园生态资产管理创新的建议如下:第一,构建国家公园生态资产管理法律体系,完善生态资产管理制度;第二,健全国家公园生态资产管理体制框架,开展生态资产管理评估;第三,建立国家公园全民所有资产委托代理机制,实现生态资产价值。Based on the chain of“ecosystem resources⁃ecosystem assets⁃ecosystem products”,the concept of national park Eco⁃Assets Management is proposed for the national park system.In essence,Eco⁃Assets Management is about using Eco⁃Assets as a link,integrating natural ecosystems and socio⁃economic systems as a whole,implementing comprehensive as well as integrative management,and cultivating a green feature for high⁃quality development.Indeed,a crucial institutional arrangement for the national park system reform is to include national parks and the natural resources within their boundaries into the assets category.Eco⁃Assets of national parks,characterized by ecology,importance,public welfare and publicity,integrity,sustainability and public participation,have the attributes of scarcity,value and belongingness of general assets.The ultimate goal of national park Eco⁃Assets Management is to establish a unified management system based on the property rights system for natural resources.While serving the purpose of managing park assets,the introduction of national park Eco⁃Assets Management embodies the significance of protecting nationally representative ecosystems.The Eco⁃assets Management for national parks includes several key aspects:safeguarding national ecological security,establishing a principal⁃agent mechanism for state⁃owned natural resource asset ownership,steadily advancing the reform of protected land use rights,enforcing comprehensive land use regulation,innovating the franchise system for Eco⁃Assets,improving ecological conservation compensation mechanism,and establishing the monitoring and evaluating system for Eco⁃Assets.By upholding the principle of ecological priority,it is possible to achieve a synergistic promotion of carbon reduction,pollution abatement,green growth,and economic development in the construction,management,and protection of national parks.At the same time,comprehensive and systematic national park Eco⁃Assets Management is conductive to effectively pro

关 键 词：国家公园 生态资产 生态资产管理 国家公园体制 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]