自然保护地生态保护与社区发展冲突对农户可持续生计的影响  

The impact of ecological protection and local community development conflicts in natural protected areas on the sustainable livelihoods of households

作　　者：申津羽[1] 岑映 张涵 段伟[1] SHEN Jinyu;CEN Ying;ZHANG Han;DUAN Wei(School of Economics and Management,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;School of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学经济管理学院,广州510642 [2]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《国家公园(中英文)》2025年第2期106-116,共11页Natinonal Park

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(21ZDA090)。

摘　　要：保护与发展冲突在自然保护地治理中普遍存在,寻求两者和谐共存的路径尤为重要。基于可持续生计框架,通过对四个代表性自然保护地的2001户农户进行调查分析,探讨了生态保护过程中社区发展冲突对农户可持续生计的影响。研究发现:冲突主要体现在资源利用受限、限制农业生产方式和野生动物致害,且不同保护地冲突强度存在差异。在生计资本方面,武夷山国家公园生计资本最高,其他保护地生计资本相近。在生计策略上,兼业型农户占据主导地位,农户倾向于多元化生计方式应对冲突。此外,资源利用受限和农业生产方式限制对农户家庭人均工资收入有显著正向影响。基于此,提出健全冲突管理机制、制定差异化社区发展政策、提升农户发展能力等策略,以推动自然保护地高质量发展。The inherent tension between biodiversity conservation and socio⁃economic development poses multiple challenges to global protected areas.The synergy between these two priorities is essential to promote sustainable governance.To address this knowledge gap,this study examines the multifaceted impacts of conservation⁃related conflicts on household livelihoods within four representative protected areas in China,including Giant Panda National Park,Wuyi Mountain National Park,Crested Ibis Nature Reserve,and Poyang Lake Nature Reserve,under the framework of sustainable livelihoods.A stratified random sampling analysis of 2001 household questionnaires collected between 2021 and 2023 revealed three dominant conflict types:resource utilization restriction,agricultural production restriction,and wildlife⁃induced damage.The intensity of conflict showed spatial variation across different regions,with the severity ranked as follows:Giant Panda National Park>Crested Ibis Nature Reserve>Poyang Lake Nature Reserve>Wuyi Mountain National Park.The assessment of livelihood capital showed significant differences among regions.Households in Wuyi Mountain National Park enjoy superior livelihood capital due to abundant tourism income,higher education levels,and improved infrastructure.On the other hand,households in other reserves face lower capital levels,constrained by limited financial resources,reduced land accessibility,and weaker institutional support.Analysis of livelihood strategies highlights the advantages of part⁃time livelihoods.Most households across the four protected areas combine agriculture,non⁃farming employment,and environmental activities to make ends meet.Notably,households adopting multifunctional strategies demonstrate greater resilience in the face of conservation restrictions,highlighting adaptability as a key survival mechanism.Regression models further indicate that resource utilization restriction and agricultural production restriction exert a significant positive effect on per capita wage income.

关 键 词：自然保护地 生态保护 社区发展 冲突 农户可持续生计 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]