遗产对比视角下稻作梯田系统的多重价值及系统机理  

Multiple Values and System Mechanisms of Rice Terrace Systems from the Perspective of Heritage Comparison

作　　者：杨宇亮 于学润 角媛梅[1] 孙松林 YANG Yuliang;YU Xuerun;JIAO Yuanmei;SUN Songlin(Faculty of Geography,Yunnan Normal University;School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Southwest University)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学地理学部 [2]西南大学园艺园林学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2025年第3期65-72,共8页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“国土空间视野下纵向岭谷区村落人居环境优化的空间机理与方法”(编号52168012);国家自然科学基金“基于多维指数的岷江上游聚落景观形态特征与演化机制研究”(编号52008342)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过阐释稻作梯田系统的概念,厘清其系统机理与生成原理,对稻作梯田系统多重价值的挖掘与保护具有重要的理论与现实意义。【方法】分析分属于不同遗产体系的官方文本,探讨稻作梯田系统在不同遗产体系中的价值内涵,基于生成整体原则,选择红河哈尼梯田、紫鹊界梯田、龙脊梯田、伊富高水稻梯田、巴厘岛的梯田作为遗产案例进行研究。【结果】1)稻作梯田系统的多重价值涉及文化景观遗产、非物质文化遗产、全球重要农业文化遗产、世界灌溉工程遗产。2)稻作梯田系统由5个子系统共同构成复杂系统:以自然为基础、梯田为核心、村落为目的、灌溉为支撑、观念为存续,5个子系统的主导价值共同构成了整体价值。【结论】1)不同遗产体系之间存在广泛交叉与复杂关联,稻作梯田系统是具有交叉与关联特征的典型对象。2)就文本内涵而言,稻作梯田系统的多重价值源自同一空间要素可以同时满足不同遗产体系的普遍标准,其中文化景观遗产属于综合性遗产,其他遗产属于专项遗产。3)就系统机理而言,稻作梯田系统的多重价值源自其构成及相互关系:5个具备不同主导价值的子系统遵循生成整体原则,以“3个层级,2种联系”形成高度自洽的复杂系统,并呈现兼具多样性与统一性的整体价值。[Objective]Terraced fields are common around the world,and those with high quality,such as Honghe Hani Rice Terraces in China,Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordillera in the Philippines,and Subak Irrigation System in Indonesia,have all been listed as cultural landscape heritage in the World Heritage List published by UNESCO.The kind of heritage with terraces as the main body also belongs to cultural landscape heritage,intangible cultural heritage,Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems and World Heritage Irrigation Structures,showing that this kind of heritage has extremely rich heritage value.However,it is likely to be confused about the mutual relationships between many heritage values owned by the same object and the generating reasons for such relationships.This research aims to,by explaining the concept of rice terrace system and clarifying the system mechanism and generation principle of its connotation,provide an important theoretical and practical reference for the mining and protection of multiple values of rice terrace systems.[Methods]This research analyzes relevant official texts classified into different heritage systems,discusses the value connotations of rice terrace system in different heritage systems and,based on the principle of generative wholeness,selects typical heritage cases of rice terrace system such as Honghe Hani Rice Terraces,Ziquejie Terraces,Longji Rice Terraces,Ifugao Rice Terraces and Bali Terraces for comparative research,with a focus on their respective outstanding values.[Results]In terms of text connotation,the multiple values of rice terrace systems derived from the same spatial elements can simultaneously meet the universal standards of different heritage systems.Rice terrace systems also have the attributes of cultural landscape,agricultural production,irrigation engineering,concepts and customs,so that different evaluation criteria point to the same object.Among cultural landscapes,the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems focus on the main body of th

关 键 词：世界遗产 文化景观 多重价值 稻作梯田系统 系统机理 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]