水利建设驱动下的三北平原传统人居环境体系研究  

Research on Traditional Human Settlement Environment System in the Three-North Plain Driven by Water Conservancy Construction

作　　者：马迎雪 郭巍[1] MA Yingxue;GUO Wei(School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院

出　　处：《风景园林》2025年第3期134-142,共9页Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家社科基金艺术学重大项目“新发展理念下乡村振兴艺术设计战略研究”(编号22ZD16);国家自然科学基金面上项目“长三角圩田景观的传统水文干预、空间营建和管控模式研究”(编号52078041)。

摘　　要：【目的】历史上的三北平原曾频繁地开展陂塘与海塘的建设,促使当地形成了与水利建设相适应的传统人居环境体系。在新型城镇化的背景下,探索这种自然与人文相互适应、相互融合的传统水利人居环境体系的特征及演变规律,对未来三北平原的空间规划具有重要意义。【方法】以陂塘和海塘水利建设为线索,采用历史文献研究法和图示分析法,从区域尺度和聚落尺度揭示水利建设影响下形成的水利—农田格局、聚落系统的特征;以沈师桥村为例,解析水利建设背景下的空间管理组织模式。【结果】三北平原整体可划分为与陂塘水利和与海塘水利相互适应的两大区域;其水利—农田格局可分为溇沼圩田、泾浜圩田、规则圩田和灶港盐田4个类型;聚落系统与水利—农田格局相适应;空间管理组织方面以家族为核心,衍生出水利联盟组织和沙涂控产组织。【结论】深化了对传统时期三北平原人居环境体系的认知,明确未来三北平原的研究与实践应紧密结合当地水利建设特色,为保护和构建契合地方特色的当代人居环境体系提供了切实且具前瞻性的思路。[Objective]The Three-North Plain is situated at the estuary of Hangzhou Bay,which represents one of the most active regions in China with regard to water conservancy construction in the southeast coastal region of China.During the traditional period,the construction of water conservancy projects represented by retention pond(Beitang)and seawall(Haitang),spearheaded the advancement of local economy,production and culture,forming a traditional human settlement environment system with indelible water conservancy imprints.In the context of new urbanization,it is of paramount importance to re-examine and comprehend this traditional water conservancy human settlement environment pattern,in which nature and humanity are harmoniously integrated,for future spatial planning of the Three-North Plain.[Methods]This research investigates the impact of retention pond and seawall construction on the human settlement system of the Three-North Plain by using historical literature research method and morphological graphical analysis method,with GIS as a technological support tool.Firstly,an analysis is conducted on the geographic environment for retention pond and seawall construction at the regional scale,followed by an examination of their subsequent impact on local farmland pattern and land texture after their completion.Subsequently,at the settlement scale,the role played by water conservancy facilities in shaping the layout and morphology of settlement is delved into.Finally,from the vantage point of social organization,Shenshiqiao is taken as a case in point to analyze in detail local management organization and mode within the context of traditional water conservancy construction.[Results]The Three-North Plain’s distinctive geographic environment and climatic conditions have historically resulted in a range of challenges,including recurrent droughts and floods,tidal wave incursions,and soil salinization.Therefore,water conservancy construction in the Three-North Plain centers around two main aspects.Firstly,retention ponds

关 键 词：传统人居环境 水利风景 陂塘 海塘 水利社会 三北平原 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]