双馈风力发电机碳刷异常磨损原因分析和改进策略  

Analysis of abnormal brush wear in doubly fed induction generator and discussion on improvement measures

作　　者：李宗霖 王金宝 LI Zong-lin;WANG Jin-bao(Department of Electrical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Harbin Electrical Carbon Factory Co.,Ltd.,Harbin 150025,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院电气工程系,上海市200240 [2]哈尔滨电碳厂有限责任公司,哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《炭素》2024年第4期26-29,共4页Carbon

摘　　要：本文针对双馈风力发电机碳刷异常磨损问题展开研究,揭示了集电环振动诱发动态偏心这一核心致因。结果表明,集电环的高频振动和动态偏心会形成复合作用机制:一方面造成碳刷与集电环接触面的非均匀应力分布,产生持续性机械冲击;另一方面引发接触电阻的周期性波动,导致电弧放电加剧。这种机电耦合效应不仅使碳刷呈现指数型磨损特征,同时诱发集电环表面微裂纹和材料转移。此外,表面氧化膜破损、碳粉导电桥效应以及涡流热损伤等次生问题会形成正反馈循环,加速系统劣化。基于上述机理,本文提出了包含振动抑制结构优化、接触界面状态监测、梯度材料复合碳刷设计在内的系统性解决方案,经实验验证可有效延长碳刷使用寿命,同时将集电环运行周期延长,显著提升机组运行可靠性。This paper analyzes the main causes of abnormal brush wear in doubly fed induction generators,focusing on the issue of operational eccentricity caused by collector ring vibration,which accelerates brush wear.The study indicates that the eccentricity and high-frequency vibrations of the collector ring exert excessive impact on the brushes,leading to a non-precise contact condition during operation,thereby intensifying brush wear and causing damage to the collector ring.Additionally,the paper discusses other common issues such as surface damage to the collector ring,carbon powder accumulation,and electrical damage,and proposes feasible solutions to extend brush life and enhance system stability.

关 键 词：双馈风力发电机 碳刷异常磨损 集电环振动 动态偏心 梯度材料优化 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]