俄乌冲突中社交机器人传播虚假战争新闻的行为及影响研究——扎卢日内新闻事件的个案研究  

Analysis of the Impact of Social Bots on the Spread of False War News in Public Opinion Space

作　　者：周晓萌 沈浩[1] 公宣迪 ZHOU Xiaomeng;SHEN Hao;GONG Xuandi

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学国家舆情实验室 [2]中国传媒大学经济与管理学院

出　　处：《新闻传播学刊》2024年第2期70-80,共11页

基　　金：全国教育科学规划课题一般项目“我国国际传播人才培养的现状、问题与对策研究”(BGA220159)阶段性成果

摘　　要：由于造假成本低廉且辟谣机制缺失等原因,社交机器人持续参与虚假战争新闻的传播,通过制造与转发虚假新闻的方式,提升账号主体与人类账号间的相似度,制造更强的传播声量,带动整个舆论场发生转向。本文聚焦于俄乌冲突期间社交机器人的舆情干预,通过虚假新闻个案进行深入分析,识别社交机器人在传播虚假战争新闻中的具体行为及其影响。结果发现,社交机器人账号特征、发文趋势表现出与人类的高度相似性;传播规律具有较鲜明的“马太效应”;发文语种与地缘政治间形成某种潜在联系;发文情感呈现明显的两极分化倾向,具体内容可被划分为“信息认知”“战争态度”“中立话语”三种不同话语类属,它们会影响社交媒体用户对于消息本身真实性与否的认知以及用户对于战争立场的选择。Due to the low cost of fabrication and the lack of fact-checking mechanisms,social bots continuously engage in the dissemination of fake war news.By creating and forwarding false infor-mation,they increase the similarity between bot accounts and human accounts,generate stronger dissemination volume,and influence the entire field of public opinion.This paper focuses on the intervention of social bots in public opinion during the Russia-Ukraine conflict.It uses a fake news case for in-depth analysis to identify the specific behaviors and impacts of social bots in spreading fake war news.The analysis reveals that social bot accounts exhibit characteristics and posting trends highly similar to those of human users.The dissemination pattern shows a distinct“Matthew Effect”,indicating that successful accounts tend to gain more success.Additionally,there is a potential connection between the language of the posts and geopolitical factors,and the sentiment of the posts shows clear polarization.The content can be categorized into three different discourses,including“information cognition”,“war attitudes”and“neutral discourse”.These categories influence social media users“perception of the news”authenticity and their stance on the war.

关 键 词：社交机器人 扎卢日内新闻 谣言传播 认知战 计算传播学 

分 类 号：G210[文化科学—新闻学] TP242[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]