贴近“乡土”的社会动员:延安时期党的文艺宣传工作的民间资源利用  

Grassroots Social Mobilization:Utilization of Folk Resources in Party’s Literary and Artistic Publicity During the Yan’an Period

作　　者：许加彪[1] 孙洪宇 XU Jiabiao;SUN Hongyu

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学新闻与传播学院

出　　处：《新闻传播学刊》2024年第4期111-123,共13页

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“延安时期中国共产党宣传工作史研究与资料库建设”(批准号:23&ZD023);国家社科基金项目“中国共产党社会动员和共识凝聚的历史经验与当代价值研究:以陕甘宁边区党的宣传工作为例”(批准号:24VRC098)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：延安时期,新闻、出版、教育、文艺等领域是中国共产党开展宣传工作的核心阵地,作为革命斗争开展的力量之源,广大人民群众是党社会动员的重要对象。然而,在特殊的历史时空中,各根据地九成以上民众处于文盲状态,如何动员人口文化水平整体偏低的基层群体,是党开展宣传工作的难题。文艺由于突破了“书写文字”的限制,且具有鲜明的“视听特征”,而成为这一时期党融通“民间”的重要媒介。在这一过程中,党的文艺宣传工作更进一步地开展与民间艺人、民间文艺等民间资源的有效互动,加强从民间艺人的“身”“心”到民间文艺的主题、文本、形式等多维层面的全面改造、借鉴与利用,涌现出众多陕北艺人、秧歌、说书、腰鼓、戏剧等“民间”资源与革命斗争深度互嵌的典型范例。以贴近“乡土”的民间资源动员民间力量,不仅保障了延安时期经济斗争、政治斗争的胜利,更激发了“千千万万”和“浩浩荡荡”投入人民解放战争的热情,使民间资源成为延安时期中国共产党挽救民族危亡、争取民族独立进程中的有力“武器”。During the Yan’an period,fields such as journalism,publishing,education,and litera⁃ture and art served as the core platforms for the Chinese Communist Party’s Publicity efforts.As the source of strength for revolutionary struggle,the broad masses of the people were a key target of the Party’s social mobilization.However,in the unique historical and spatial context of the time,over 90%of the population in the base areas were illiterate.Mobilizing grassroots groups with generally low levels of cultural literacy became a critical challenge for the Party’s propagan⁃da work.Literature and art,which transcended the limitations of“written text”and possessed distinct“audio⁃visual characteristics,”emerged as crucial mediums through which the Party en⁃gaged with grassroots culture.In this process,the Party’s literary and artistic Publicity efforts fur⁃ther advanced effective interactions with folk artists and folk art,leveraging and transforming these resources across multiple dimensions—from the“bodies”and“minds”of folk artists to the themes,texts,and forms of folk art.This process resulted in the emergence of numerous typical examples where“grassroots”resources,such as folk artists,yangko,storytelling,waist drums,and drama in Northern Shaanxi,became deeply embedded in revolutionary struggle.By mobilizing grassroots resources closely tied to“local traditions”,the Party not only ensured victory in the e⁃conomic and political struggles of the Yan’an period but also inspired the enthusiastic participa⁃tion of“thousands upon thousands”in the people’s liberation war.As such,grassroots resources became a powerful“weapon”in the Communist Party’s efforts to save the nation from peril and strive for national independence during the Yan’an period.

关 键 词：延安时期 文艺宣传工作 民间文艺 民间艺人 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学] K26[历史地理—历史学]