基于IKAP模式的自我管理干预在肿瘤放疗患者放射性皮炎预防及护理中的应用  

Application of self-management intervention based on IKAP model in the prevention and nursing of radiation dermatitis in patients with tumor radiotherapy

作　　者：张维[1] 薛敏芬[1] 徐玲[1] 孟卫芬[1] ZHANG Wei;XUE Minfen;XU Ling;MENG Weifen(Department of Gynecology,the Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Changzhou,Jiangsu 213000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学第三附属医院(常州市第二人民医院)放疗科,江苏常州213000

出　　处：《手术电子杂志》2024年第6期65-68,71,共5页Electronic Journal of Medical Operations

基　　金：2023年度南京医科大学常州医学中心护理类研究项目(CMC2023HL02)

摘　　要：目的 探讨基于信息—知识—信念—行为模式(IKAP)的自我管理干预在肿瘤放疗患者放射性皮炎预防及护理中的应用。方法 采用方便抽样法,选取常州市第二人民医院放疗科于2022年1月—2023年12月收治并接受放射治疗的肿瘤患者92例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为2组,各46例。对照组予常规放疗护理,观察组则在此基础上实施基于IKAP模式的自我管理干预。观察和比较两组患者放疗后放射性皮炎的发生情况和严重程度;采用皮肤病生活质量量表(DLQI)评价和比较两组患者干预前后的生活质量。结果 干预前两组患者的DLQI评分相似,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实施基于IKAP模式的自我管理干预后,观察组的DLQI评分较前提高并明显高于对照组,两组分析有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组放疗后放射性皮炎2级及以上的发生率和严重程度均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对肿瘤放疗患者实施基于IKAP模式的自我管理干预,可有效预防放射性皮炎的发生并减轻其严重程度,有助于减少放射性皮炎对患者生活质量造成的影响。Objective To investigate the application of self-management based on the pattern of IKAP intervention in the prevention and nursing of radioactive dermatitis in patients with radiotherapy of tumors.Methods Using convenience sampling,92 cancer patients who were admitted to the Department of Radiation Therapy at our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 and underwent radiotherapy were selected.These patients were then randomly assigned into two groups,with each group comprising 46 patients,using a random number table method.The control group was given conventional radiotherapy care,and the observation group was additionally given IKAP model-based self-management intervention.The occurrence and severity of radiation dermatitis after radiotherapy were observed and compared between the two groups.Skin Disease Quality of Life Scale(DLQI)was used to evaluate and compare the quality of life of the two groups before and after intervention.Results Before the intervention,the DLQI scores of the two groups were similar,and the difference was not significant(P>0.05).After implementation of self-management intervention based on the pattern of IKAP,DLQI score of the observation group was improved and was obviously higher than that of control group,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The incidence and severity of grade 2 and higher radiation dermatitis in the observation group were both lower than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusions Self-management intervention based on IKAP model for tumor radiotherapy patients can effectively prevent the occurrence and reduce the severity of radiation dermatitis,which is helpful to reduce the impact of radiation dermatitis on patients'quality of life.

关 键 词：IKAP模式 自我管理干预 肿瘤 放疗 放射性皮炎 

分 类 号：R473.73[医药卫生—护理学]