政府、商会、商民在公债承募中的角力与博弈——以北洋时期直隶善后短期公债为例  

The Struggle and Game of Purchasing Government Bonds among Government,Chamber of Commerce and Merchant———Taking the Aftermath Short-term Bonds of Zhili in Beiyang Period as an Example

作　　者：董世林 马金华 Dong Shilin;Ma Jinhua

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学财政协同创新中心 [2]中央财经大学财政税务学院 [3]中央财经大学中国财政史研究所

出　　处：《中国经济史评论》2023年第3期196-214,共19页China Economic History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“近代中国政府间事权与财权划分研究”(项目号:20AJY018)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：北洋时期因军兴所费不赀,财力渐趋不敷,政府纷纷举债以资财政,然受限于政府财力与债信等,承募者寥寥,政府乃强行摊派。商会组织是政府公债重点摊派的对象。政府摊派通常先是商请劝诱,继而软硬兼施强行推销。面对政府的摊销压力,商会或呈情减免,或申请延期努力与政府周旋,一旦政府态度强硬,商会只能应承任务,强行向商民分销。商民不堪重负,或逃或抗,公债发行效果不佳。直隶善后短期公债的强行摊派正反映了地方政府与商会商民之间的角力,通过对该个案的分析,呈现了三方之间围绕公债在承募态度和措施上的博弈关系,也描绘了政府、商会和商民三者博弈下中国官场、商场和市场的错综复杂面相。In Beiyang period,due to insufficient military expenditure,the government was unable to make ends meet,so the government had to issue bonds to replenish its finances.However,the government financial resources were limited,government bonds were not creditworthy,and there were very few buyers of government bonds,then the government imposed a levy on the sale of bonds.The chamber of commerce was a key target for government bonds.Firstly,the government persuaded the chamber of commerce buy bonds.Secondly,The government forced the chamber of commerce buying bonds.In the face of government pressure,The chamber of commerce either applied for buying less,or applied for ex-tension.Once the government took a tough stance,the chamber of commerce only accepted the task to sale bonds for merchant.Merchants were overwhelmed,and they either fled or rebelled,so the task of selling bonds didn't work well.The selling of short-term bonds of Zhili reflects the relationship among government,chamber of commerce and merchant.This case presents the attitude and game of government,chamber of commerce and merchant on selling bonds,and describes the intricacies of Chinese officialdom,business and market.

关 键 词：政府 商会 商民 直隶善后短期公债 博弈 

分 类 号：F812.9[经济管理—财政学] K258.2[历史地理—历史学]