制度惯性视角下清末民初货币本位变革探析  

An Analysis of the Monetary Standard Reform in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China from the Perspective of Institutional Inertia

作　　者：钟钦武 Zhong Qinwu

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学历史文化系

出　　处：《中国经济史评论》2023年第3期116-137,共22页China Economic History Review

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助(优博培育项目)“金银的纠结与终结:中国近代货币本位制度的论争及演进”(2022YBZZ015)阶段性成果

摘　　要：近代以来,中国传统的货币体制危机不断,确立货币本位制成为中国应对货币危机的核心举措。清政府因旧有货币体制根深蒂固,在制度黏性作用下仅在原有基础上加以改良,在金本位国际化趋势下依然选择了银本位制。辛亥鼎革后,南京临时政府为融入世界币制发展潮流,意欲改银本位为金汇兑本位,并从统一铸币权及维护纸币兑现信用入手加以引导。但是,在制度惯性的影响下,统一铸币体系受到地方抵制未能事权集中,兑换纸币的管理也受到市场的牵累转向妥协,最终未能重塑新制。民国北京政府经过新一轮论争,也未能革新货币本位制,最终又回到银本位制发展轨道上来,近代中国货币本位的发展路径就此确立。通过梳理这一过程,可以从货币史角度窥探辛亥革命的复杂面相,有利于理解近代中国制度变革的艰难与不易。Since modern times,China's traditional monetary system has been in constant crisis,and the establishment of the monetary standard has become the core measure for China to deal with the monetary crisis.Because the old monetary system was deeply rooted,the Qing government only improved on the original basis under the effect of system stickiness,and still chose the silver standard under the trend of gold standard internationalization.After the Revolution of 1911,in order to integrate into the development trend of the world currency system,the Nanjing Temporary Government intended to change the silver standard system into the gold exchange standard system,and started to guide it by unifying the coinage right and maintaining the credit of paper currency.However,under the influence of institutional inertia,the unified coinage system was resisted by the local authorities and failed to centralize power,and the management of convertible notes was also involved in the market and turned to compromise,which ultimately failed to reshape the new system.After a new round of controversy,the Beijing Government of the Republic of China finally reverted to the silver standard,which established the development path of the monetary standard in modern China.By combing this process,we can get a glimpse of the complexity of the 1911 Revolution from the perspective of monetary history,which is conducive to understanding the difficulties and difficulties of modern China's institutional reform.

关 键 词：辛亥革命 南京临时政府 货币本位制度 金汇兑本位 银本位 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学] F822.9[历史地理—中国史] F832.9[经济管理—财政学]