非贵金属催化剂在锌-空气电池中的应用研究进展  

Research Progress of Application of Non-precious Metal Catalysts in Zn-Air Batteries

作　　者：韦杰 WEI Jie(China Power Engineering Consulting Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电力工程顾问集团有限公司,北京100029

出　　处：《能源研究与管理》2025年第1期130-141,共12页Energy Research and Management

摘　　要：为了解决空气电极上迟缓氧反应(氧还原/析氧反应,ORR/OER)动力学所导致的锌-空气电池(ZABs)充放电稳定性差和往返效率低等问题,有必要梳理ZABs的发展历程与工作原理,深入理解双活性ORR/OER催化剂对ZABs性能影响的机理,总结不同类型ZABs催化剂的结构特点及其发展面临的问题,并探索如何构建高效双功能氧反应电催化剂的设计原则与策略。目前,用于ZABs的催化剂主要为贵金属基催化剂,但其价格昂贵。因此需对廉价非贵金属基催化剂的应用效果和结构进行研究。研究结果表明,多活性位点组合调控策略、小尺寸策略以及多级结构调控策略是构建高效ZABs ORR/OER双活性催化剂的重要方法,可指导ZABs催化剂的定向构建,进而推动ZABs在未来新型储能技术领域的发展。To address the issues of poor charge-discharge stability and low round-trip efficiency of Zn-air batteries(ZABs)caused by the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reactions(oxygen reduction/oxygen evolution reactions,ORR/OER)on air electrodes,it is necessary to review the development history and working principle of ZABs,deeply understand the mechanism by which dual-functional ORR/OER catalysts affect the performance of ZABs,summarize the structural characteristics and development challenges of different types of ZABs catalysts,and explore the design principles and strategies for constructing efficient bifunctional oxygen reaction electrocatalysts.Currently,the catalysts used in ZABs are mainly based on precious metals,which are expensive.Therefore,it is necessary to study the application effects and structures of low-cost non-precious metal-based catalysts.The research results show that the multi-active site combination regulation strategy,small size strategy,and multi-level structure regulation strategy are important methods for constructing efficient ZABs ORR/OER dual-functional catalysts,which can guide the directional construction of ZABs catalysts and promote the development of ZABs in the field of future new energy storage technologies.

关 键 词：锌-空气电池 氧还原/析氧反应 氧电催化剂 双功能催化剂 

分 类 号：TM911.41[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]