自然老化条件下冬小麦种子活力及生理指标变化  

Changes in Seed Vigor and Physiological Index of Winter Wheat Under Natural Aging Condition

作　　者：张玲 曹磊 蔡诚 颜欣怡 项博才 艾佳 詹新杨 宋有洪 朱玉磊[1] ZHANG Ling;CAO Lei;CAI Cheng;YAN XinYi;XIANG BoCai;AI Jia;ZHAN XinYang;SONG YouHong;ZHU YuLei(College of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2025年第5期877-889,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：安徽省教育厅科研重点项目(2023AH051038);国家“十四五”重点研发项目(2023YFD2301505)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索冬小麦种子在自然老化条件下的活力变化及其生理机制,分析不同贮藏时间对种子发芽活力、根系生长及抗氧化能力的影响,识别反映种子老化的重要生理指标,为选育具有较强贮藏性的冬小麦品种提供理论依据。【方法】以新育冬小麦品种安农1589(AN1589)、安农1687(AN1687)和安农179(AN179)为试验材料,分别在室温下进行长期储存,模拟自然老化条件。对室温条件下存放6、18和30个月的种子进行取样,测定种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和田间出苗率、幼苗期根系特征等活力指标。同时,分析小麦种子和幼苗期中的主要生理指标变化,包括电导率(Con)、丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,以及种子内可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量等。【结果】在相同贮藏时间内,品种基因型对种子活力和生理指标均有显著影响,品种和老化时间的互作对种子活力产生显著的影响。随着储存时间的延长,冬小麦种子的发芽势和根系活力显著下降,发芽指数、活力指数、田间出苗率和苗期指标苗高、鲜重、根鲜重等也呈现逐渐降低的趋势。其中发芽势下降速度最快,贮藏6个月时,3个品种的发芽势均保持在90%以上;贮藏18个月后,AN1589、AN1687和AN179发芽势则分别下降至85.88%、81.70%和88.58%;贮藏30个月后均降至80%以下,分别为75.42%、74.04%和79.17%。这表明种子在自然老化过程中活力明显衰退。随着老化进程的推进,3个小麦品种不断积累MDA和Pro,表明种子细胞膜受到的氧化损伤不断加剧。AN1589的初始MDA含量在3个品种中最低,为0.0427μmol·g^(-1)。而且AN1589贮藏30个月后Pro含量相比其他2个品种的增幅最小,为22.43%。SOD、CAT和POD等抗氧化酶的活性和内含物可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白等含量随着老化的加剧而下降,说明种子【Objective】This study aimed to examine changes in seed vitality and physiological mechanisms under natural aging conditions in winter wheat,to analyze how different storage durations affect seed germination vitality,root growth,and antioxidant capacity,and to identify key physiological indicators of seed aging,so as to provide a basis for breeding winter wheat varieties with improved storability.【Method】The newly bred winter wheat cultivars,including Annong1589(AN1589),Annong1687(AN1687),and Annong179(AN179),were used as experimental materials.The seeds were stored at room temperature to simulate natural aging condition.Samples were taken from seeds stored for 6 months,18 months,and 30 months to measure seed vigor indices,such as germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vigor index,field emergence rate,and seedling root characteristics.Additionally,those key physiological indicators during the seed and seedling stages were analyzed,including electrical conductivity(Con),malondialdehyde(MDA)content,proline(Pro),superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,catalase(CAT)activity,peroxidase(POD)activity,and the content of soluble sugars and soluble proteins in the seeds.【Result】Genotype had a significant effect on seed vigor and physiological indicators within the same storage period,with the interaction of cultivar and aging time having a notable impact on seed vigor.As storage time increased,the germination potential and root vigor of winter wheat seeds significantly declined.Germination index,vigor index,field emergence rate,and seedling stage indicators such as seedling height,fresh weight,and root fresh weight also showed a decreasing trend.Germination potential decreased most rapidly,with all three cultivars maintaining over 90%germination potential after 6 months of storage.After 18 months,the germination potential of AN1589,AN1687,and AN179 declined to 85.88%,81.70%,and 88.58%,respectively.After 30 months of storage,the germination potential of all cultivars dropped below 80%,to 75.42%,74.04%

关 键 词：小麦 自然老化 种子活力 标准发芽试验 生理指标 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]