磷肥长期施用对石灰性褐土团聚体中磷形态及磷酸酶活性的影响  

Effects of Long-Term Chemical Phosphorus Application on Phosphorus Morphology and Phosphatase Activity of Different Aggregates Sizes in Calcareous Brown Soil

作　　者：黄少辉[1] 杨慧敏 杨军芳[1] 杨文方 聂浩亮 张静 邢素丽[1] 王敬霞 杨云马[1] 贾良良[1] HUANG ShaoHui;YANG HuiMin;YANG JunFang;YANG WenFang;NIE HaoLiang;ZHANG Jing;XING SuLi;WANG JingXia;YANG YunMa;JIA LiangLiang(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center,Shijiazhuang 050051)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所/河北省肥料技术创新中心,石家庄050051

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2025年第5期943-955,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1901003,2021YFD1901004);河北省玉米产业体系(HBCT2023020204);河北省农林科学院现代农业科技创新专项课题(2022KJCXZX-ZHS-4,2022KJCXZX-ZHS-5)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同粒级团聚体中磷形态及磷酸酶活性差异,明确长期不同用量的化学磷肥投入下土壤磷组分及有效性变化机制,为土壤磷的高效利用和农业可持续发展提供理论支撑。【方法】在石灰性土壤上设置不同磷肥用量长期定位试验,采集长期周年施用0(P0,对照)、120(P120)、210(P210)kg P2O5·hm-2化学磷肥于耕层(0—20 cm)的土壤,测定不同粒级团聚体含量、磷组分含量和碱性磷酸酶活性,解析长期施磷肥对石灰性褐土团聚体中磷形态及磷酸酶活性的影响。【结果】与不施磷处理相比,石灰性褐土长期施磷肥显著提高土壤团聚体稳定性和各组分磷含量,不同磷组分中酸溶性无机磷(Pi-HCl)含量最高,水溶性磷(Pi-H2O)、碳酸氢钠有机磷(Po-Na HCO3)、氢氧化钠无机磷(Pi-Na OH)含量相对较低。不同粒级团聚体磷组分中,施磷量差异引起无机磷库的变化高于有机磷库,与P120处理相比,P0处理大团聚体(>2 mm)、小团聚体(0.25—2 mm)和微团聚体(<0.25 mm)中无机磷含量分别降低21.5%、27.0%和18.7%,有机磷含量分别降低15.6%、12.8%和12.2%,且不同粒级、不同施磷量间有机磷含量均呈极显著差异。在不同磷有效性中,活性磷含量变化最大,不同粒级、不同施磷量处理间均呈极显著差异。各粒级团聚体组分中大团聚体无机磷(Pi,>2 mm)贡献率最高,为27.6%—38.3%,小团聚体有机磷(Po,0.25—2 mm)贡献率最低,为2.9%—4.9%。稳定性磷对整体磷含量贡献率最高,占84.3%—91.2%,各粒级团聚体组分中大团聚体稳定性磷(SP,>2 mm)贡献率最高,为52.6%—55.2%。不同粒级团聚体间土壤磷酸酶活性差异显著,且整体随粒级增加而增高。随施磷量的增加,大团聚体中磷酸酶活性显著增加。小团聚体P120处理的磷酸酶活性最高,P0处理最低,且处理间差异显著。微团聚体的磷酸酶活性处理间差异不显著。相关性分析结果表明,团聚体粒级和�【Objective】This study aimed to explore the differences of phosphorus(P)morphology and phosphatase activity in different aggregates sizes,and to clarify the change mechanism of soil P component contents and availability under different long-term chemical P application rates,so as to provide the theoretical support for the efficient utilization of soil P and sustainable agricultural development.【Method】Long-term field experiment with different chemical P fertilizer application rates were established in calcareous brown soil.Soil samples in the topsoil(0-20 cm)were collected,which were treated with three gradients of P fertilizer application rates of 0(P0,control),120(P120)and 210(P210)kg P2O5·hm-2 annually.The soil aggregate content,P component contents and alkaline phosphatase activity of different soil aggregate sizes were determined.The effects of long-term chemical P application on P morphology and phosphatase activity of different aggregates sizes in calcareous brown soil were analyzed.【Result】Compared with P0,the stability and P component content of different aggregates in calcareous brown soil were significantly improved after long-term P application.The content of acid-soluble inorganic P(Pi-HCl)was the highest in different P components,while the content of water-soluble P(Pi-H2O),sodium bicarbonate organic P(Po-NaHCO3)and sodium hydroxide inorganic P(Pi-NaOH)were relatively low.The changes of inorganic P pools in all aggregates were higher than those in organic P pools under different treatments.Compared with P120 treatment,the inorganic P content in large aggregate(>2 mm),small aggregate(0.25-2 mm)and micro-aggregate(<0.25 mm)were reduced by 21.5%,27.0%and 18.7%,respectively,and the organic P content decreased by 15.6%,12.8%and 12.2%,respectively.There were significant differences in organic P contents among different aggregate sizes and P application rates.The labile P(LP)content changed largest in different P availability forms.There were extremely significant differences among different pa

关 键 词：长期施磷肥 磷组分 团聚体 磷酸酶活性 石灰性褐土 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]