我国主要麦区农户小麦籽粒硫的含量、分布及影响因素  

Sulfur Concentration and Distribution in Wheat Grain Sampled from Farmers’Fields in Main Wheat Production Regions of China and Its Affecting Factors

作　　者：佘文婷 孙蕊卿 党海燕 李文虎 张丰 田怡 徐隽峰 丁玉兰 王朝辉[1,2] SHE WenTing;SUN RuiQing;DANG HaiYan;LI WenHu;ZHANG Feng;TIAN Yi;XU JunFeng;DING YuLan;WANG ZhaoHui(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi;State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学作物抗逆与高效生产全国重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2025年第5期956-974,共19页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3);国家重点研发计划(2021YED1900700,2018YFD0200400)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确我国主要麦区农户小麦籽粒硫含量,探究硫在小麦面粉和麸皮中的分布及影响因素,为因地制宜调控我国主要麦区小麦硫营养,优化硫养分管理提供依据。【方法】于2021—2023年两个小麦生长季,对我国18个小麦主产省(市、区)典型农户进行调研,采集小麦植株和土壤样品445份,分析小麦籽粒、面粉和麸皮的硫含量,及其与产量、生物量、收获指数、产量构成三要素、地上部硫积累分配、土壤理化性质和施肥量的关系。【结果】我国主要麦区农户小麦籽粒硫含量1.00—2.31 g·kg^(-1),平均为1.59 g·kg^(-1);面粉和麸皮硫含量分别为0.55—2.05和0.54—4.26 g·kg^(-1),平均为1.33和2.03 g·kg^(-1),约1/2的样本处于低硫水平。麦玉区和旱作区小麦籽粒和面粉的硫含量高于春麦区和稻麦区;麸皮硫含量高于面粉,两者均随籽粒硫含量的提高而增加。小麦产量和千粒重提高,有利于籽粒硫含量提升。小麦产量每增加1.0 t·hm^(-2),籽粒硫含量提高0.01 g·kg^(-1);千粒重每增加1.0 g,籽粒硫含量提高0.003 g·kg^(-1)。籽粒和面粉硫含量与地上部各器官硫积累量正相关。随着籽粒硫含量的增加,籽粒中的硫向面粉分配的能力下降,向麸皮分配的能力明显提高,但旱作区籽粒硫积累量增加慢于产量,导致小麦产量提高而籽粒硫含量反而降低。土壤pH、硝态氮和磷肥对籽粒硫含量影响显著,三者每增加1个单位,籽粒硫含量分别提高0.02、0.0004和0.0004 g·kg^(-1)。影响面粉硫含量的土壤因子主要是pH、铵态氮和有效铁,pH每增加1个单位,面粉硫含量提高0.04 g·kg^(-1),但土壤铵态氮和有效铁含量每增加1.0 mg·kg^(-1),面粉硫含量分别减少0.0003和0.0005g·kg^(-1)。【结论】我国主要麦区小麦籽粒硫含量有较大提升空间。在保证高产的同时,优化产量三要素,调节土壤pH,协调硝铵态氮、有效铁供应,合理施用氮磷肥,增施【Objective】It was of great significance to clarify the grain sulfur(S)concentration,its distribution in flour and bran,and relevant affecting agronomy,nutrition,soil physicochemical and fertilization factors for regulating grain S nutrition,and optimizing S management regionally over major wheat production regions of China.【Method】During the two wheat growing seasons from 2021 to 2023,445 wheat plants and soil samples were collected from typical farmers’fields in 18 major wheat production provinces(municipalities or districts)in China,to analyze the relationship of grain,flour and bran S concentrations with yield,biomass,harvest index and yield components,S accumulation and distribution in shoot,as well as soil physicochemical properties and fertilization.【Result】Grain S concentrations of farmers in main wheat production regions of China ranged from 1.00 to 2.31 g·kg^(-1),with an average of 1.59 g·kg^(-1).The flour and bran S concentration were 0.55-2.05 and 0.54-4.26 g·kg^(-1),respectively,with an average of 1.33 and 2.03 g·kg^(-1),respectively.About half of the samples were at low grain S concentration level.Sulfur concentration in wheat grain and flour from wheat-maize and dryland wheat production regions were higher than that from spring wheat and rice-wheat production regions.The bran S concentration was higher than that of flour,both increased with the grain S concentration.The increase of wheat yield and thousand kernel weight was beneficial to the improvement of grain S concentration.For each 1.0 t·hm^(-2)increase of yield,the grain S concentration increased by 0.01 g·kg^(-1);and for each 1.0 g increase of the thousand kernel weight,the grain S concentration increased by 0.003 g·kg^(-1).A positive correlation was found between the grain and flour S concentration and S accumulation in all wheat organs.With the increase of grain S concentration,its distribution ability to flour decreased while the distribution to bran developed.However,in the dryland wheat production region,the increase

关 键 词：小麦 籽粒 面粉 麸皮 硫 土壤PH 铵态氮 硝态氮 农户麦田 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]