贵州植烟土壤肥力空间分布特征与定量评价  

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Quantitative Evaluation of Tobacco-planting Soil Fertility in Guizhou

作　　者：高川川 朱文静 史训瑶 巴金莎 高维常 潘文杰 蔡凯 GAO Chuan-chuan;ZHU Wen-jing;SHI Xun-yao;BA Jin-sha;GAO Wei-chang;PAN Wen-jie;CAI Kai(Guizhou Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Station,Guiyang 550081,China;Upland Flue-cured Tobacco Quality&Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco,Guiyang 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草质量监督监测站,贵州贵阳550081 [2]贵州省烟草科学研究院烟草行业山地烤烟品质与生态重点实验室,贵州贵阳550081

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2025年第3期38-46,共9页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：贵州省基础研究(自然科学)项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2024]一般645);中国烟草总公司科技项目(110202102038、110202202030);中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目(2023XM16、2023XM11)。

摘　　要：采集500个覆盖贵州主要植烟区的烟田耕层土壤样本,定量评价了基于pH值、有机质、营养元素等19个关键化学指标的综合肥力指数,探究贵州植烟土壤肥力现状、空间分布和时间演变特征。结果表明:(1)pH值、全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)、交换性镁(Mg^(2+))和水溶性氯(Cl^(-))等含量处于适宜水平;有效硫(S)、有效锰(Mn)、有效铜(Cu)、有效锌(Zn)和有效钼(Mo)等含量处于极高水平;有机质(SOM)、有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、交换性钙(Ca^(2+))、有效硅(Si)、有效硼(B)和有效铁(Fe)含量处于高水平,而全磷(TP)和全钾(TK)含量处于低水平。(2)烟田平均土壤综合肥力指数(IFI值)为0.685,属于较高级别;不同植烟区和土壤类型间的IFI值无显著差异,海拔2000 m以上的烟田IFI值显著低于低海拔烟田。(3)2006—2019年土壤综合肥力从中等提升至较高等级,增幅达到20.17%。综上,贵州植烟土壤保育应以“保”为主,以“育”为辅;土壤改良和肥料施用需依据烟田肥力的实际情况,且总体上控制微量元素的投入。The 500 typical tobacco-planting soil samples from plowing layer were collected,covering main tobacco-planting regions.The soil integrated fertility index(IFI)based on 19 chemical indicators such as pH,SOM and nutrient elements were quantitatively evaluated,then soil fertility status and spatial distribution,as well as evolution characteristics,were investigated.The results showed that:(1)pH,TN,AN,Mg^(2+)and Cl^(-)were at the suitable levels,S,Mn,Cu,Zn and Mo were at the extremely high levels,and SOM,AP,AK,Ca^(2+),Si,B and Fe were at the high levels,but TP and TK were at the low levels.(2)The average IFI value was 0.685,which was generally at higher grade.The IFI showed no significant difference among different tobacco planting regions and soil types,while the IFI of tobacco-planting soil with an altitude above 2000 m was significantly lower than others.(3)The IFI of tobacco-planting soil had increased by one grade from 2006 to 2019,with a growth rate of 20.17%.The management of tobacco-planting soil in Guizhou should focus on“conservation”and supplement by“cultivation”.In general,soil amendment and fertilizer application should be based on soil fertility status,and micro-nutrient fertilizer should be controlled.

关 键 词：植烟土壤 综合肥力指数 空间分布 定量评价 贵州 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]