环状RNA在肿瘤诊疗中的应用  

Application of Circular RNA in Diagnosis and Treatment of Tumor

作　　者：杨奕 欧阳松应 吴军军 YANG Yi;OUYANG Song-Ying;WU Jun-Jun(Department of Biological Sciences,College of Life Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院生物科学系,福州350117

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2025年第3期344-352,共9页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金面上项目(No.2023J01506);福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(No.JAT220044);翔安创新实验室/传染病疫苗研发全国重点实验室科技项目(No.2023XAKJ0101011)资助。

摘　　要：环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一种具有共价闭环结构的单链RNA,相较于线性RNA具有更稳定的结构以及更低的免疫原性。大量研究表明,circRNA具有保守性、稳定性和组织特异性等特点,同时可以充当microRNA(miRNA)海绵,与蛋白质和翻译模板相互作用,调节基因表达和信号转导等生物学功能。基于circRNA的特性以及多种生物学功能,部分内源性circRNA在肿瘤的发生及发展中发挥重要调控作用,具有作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力。此外,mRNA药物在实际应用中具有不稳定易降解、翻译效率低和免疫原性等限制。工程化可翻译的外源性circRNA可解决线性mRNA应用的部分缺陷,成为新型有潜力的高效药物。在本文中,介绍了circRNA在体内生物发生的机制,具体的生物学功能,在肿瘤中的诊疗应用现状。包括内源性circRNA在肿瘤中的诊断应用,外源性circRNA的设计合成策略,以及详细列举目前工程化circRNA疫苗利用其稳定高效表达蛋白质的功能在肿瘤治疗方面的一些设计和应用进展。最后,我们就当前circRNA的临床诊断应用问题,外源性circRNA的治疗应用挑战以及展望进行讨论。Circular RNA(circRNA)is a single-stranded RNA with a covalently closed loop structure,which has a more stable structure and lower immunogenicity than linear RNA.Many studies have shown that circRNA has characteristics such as conservation,stability,and tissue specificity,and can act as a microRNA(miRNA)sponge to interact with proteins and translation templates,and regulate biological functions such as gene expression and signal transduction.Based on the characteristics and various biological functions of circRNA,some endogenous circRNA plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of tumors and has the potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.In addition,mRNA drugs have limitations such as instability,easy degradation,low translation efficiency,and immunogenicity in practical applications.Engineered translatable exogenous circRNA can solve some of the limitations of linear mRNA application and become a new type of potential efficient drug.In this paper,we introduce the circRNA biogenesis mechanisms,specific biological functions,and the current status of diagnosis and treatment applications in tumors.This includes the diagnostic application of endogenous circRNA in tumors,the design and synthesis strategies of exogenous circRNA,and the current progress in the design and application of engineered circRNA vaccines using their stable and efficient protein expression functions in the treatment of tumors.Finally,we discuss the current clinical diagnostic application problems of circRNA,the challenges of exogenous circRNA therapeutic applications,and the prospects of the field.

关 键 词：环状RNA 生物标志物 疾病诊断 疫苗 免疫治疗 

分 类 号：Q74[生物学—分子生物学]