CRISPR/Cas9技术:探索lncRNA的自身功能以及在癌症进程中的作用  

CRISPR/Cas9 Technology:Exploring The Functions of lncRNAs and Their Roles in Cancer Progression

作　　者：李欣[1] 胡莹[1] 王玉明[1] LI Xin;HU Ying;WANG Yu-Ming(Department of Clinical Laboratory,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Kunming 650000,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学第二附属医院检验科,昆明650000

出　　处：《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2025年第3期364-375,共12页Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

基　　金：云南省科技人才和平台计划(No.2019IC034);昆医联合专项(No.202001AY070001-162)资助。

摘　　要：CRISPR/Cas系统的出现极大推动了基因编辑领域的进步,特别是CRISPR/Cas9系统,已成为生物医学研究的核心工具。长非编码RNA(lncRNA)在基因调控、细胞分化和多种疾病的发展过程中发挥关键作用,尤其在癌症研究中,lncRNA作为癌症生物标志物和治疗靶点,具有重要的应用前景。然而,由于lncRNA普遍具有低丰度和保守性差等特点,限制了传统手段对其功能的研究。CRISPR/Cas9技术为lncRNA的研究提供了一个高效、灵活且精确的工具,显著加速了该领域的进展。本文首先回顾了CRISPR/Cas9系统的基本原理及其在基因编辑中的广泛应用,包括CRISPR敲除、敲入、干扰和激活等多种功能系统。这些技术不仅可以筛选特定生物过程中的关键lncRNA,还能够用于基因功能研究,探索其在疾病中的作用。本文重点分析了CRISPR/Cas9技术在研究lncRNA功能和调控机制,以及其在肿瘤研究中的关键应用。此外,文章还总结了通过CRISPR/Cas9进行全基因组筛选以识别功能性lncRNA的方法,并探讨了这些lncRNA在癌症细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭以及耐药性中的作用。CRISPR/Cas9敲除系统可以高效敲除lncRNA基因,揭示其在基因调控中的具体功能。同时,CRISPR激活和干扰技术为非编码基因的研究提供了新的思路,通过调控lncRNA的表达水平,进一步探索其在癌症等疾病中的临床应用。文章还探讨了CRISPR技术在未来lncRNA研究中的潜力,尤其是在解决基因组复杂性、靶向效率和脱靶效应等技术难题方面的进展。综上所述,CRISPR/Cas9技术不仅为研究lncRNA提供了强有力的工具,也为未来开发新的癌症诊断和治疗手段提供了新的思路和机会。The emergence of CRISPR/Cas system has greatly promoted the progress in the field of gene editing,especially CRISPR/Cas9 system,which has become a core tool in biomedical research.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)play a key role in gene regulation,cell differentiation and the development of a variety of diseases.Especially in cancer research,lncRNAs have important application prospects as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.However,lncRNAs are generally characterized by low abundance and poor conservation,which limits the study of their functions by traditional means.CRISPR/Cas9 technology provides an efficient,flexible and accurate tool for lncRNA research,which significantly accelerates the progress in this field.This paper first reviews the basic principles of CRISPR/Cas9 system and its wide applications in gene editing,including CRISPR knockout,knock-in,interference,activation and other functional systems.These technologies can not only screen key lncRNAs in specific biological processes,but also be used for gene function research to explore their roles in diseases.This article focuses on the analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the study of lncRNA functions,regulatory mechanisms,and its key applications in tumor research.In addition,the article also summarizes the methods of genome-wide screening by CRISPR/Cas9 to identify functional lncRNAs,and discusses the roles of these lncRNAs in cancer cell proliferation,migration,invasion and drug resistance.CRISPR/Cas9 knockout system can efficiently knock down lncRNA genes and reveal their specific functions in gene regulation.At the same time,CRISPR activation and interference technology provide a new idea for the research of noncoding genes,and further explore its clinical application in cancer and other diseases by regulating the expression level of lncRNAs.The article also discusses the potential of CRISPR technology in future lncRNA research,especially the progress in solving technical problems such as genome complexity,targeting efficiency and off-target eff

关 键 词：成簇的规则间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR/Cas9) 长非编码RNA 基因调控 癌症 

分 类 号：Q81[生物学—生物工程]