在自由与平等之间——罗尔斯分配正义的理想境界及其现实困境  

Between Freedom and Equality:On Rawls′s Ideal State of Distributive Justice and Its Realistic Predicament

作　　者：敦鹏[1] 胡晓乐 DUN Peng;HU Xiaole(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Hebei University,Baoding,Hebei 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学哲学与社会学学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《河北工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期66-72,共7页Journal of Hebei University of Technology:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：罗尔斯的分配正义原则从解决自由与平等的冲突出发,力图以差别原则来消除客观的偶然性和任意性因素带给人们的影响,进而实现从形式平等到实质平等的理想境界。但是,由于罗尔斯对“公平的机会平等原则”的模糊界定,使得对实质平等的追求有可能转化为对起点平等的追求,这与罗尔斯坚持的“自由优先”势必陷入难以化解的矛盾之中。从长远来看,罗尔斯差别原则的设计并非强调结果的平等,其最终目的与实质是最大程度改善最不利者的境况,从而在客观上发挥了缩小贫富差距,防止动荡,维护社会稳定的作用。因此,罗尔斯的分配正义在某种程度上已经蜕变为一种分配的“策略”。Rawls′principle of distributive justice aims to resolve the conflict between freedom and equality,and tries to eliminate the influence of objective contingency and arbitrariness by the principle of difference,so as to realize the ideal state from formal equality to substantive equality.However,Rawls′s interpretation of the"fair equality of opportunity principle"is very vague,transforming the pursuit of substantive equality into the pursuit of starting point equality,which is bound to fall into an insoluble contradiction with Rawls's insistence on"freedom first".In the long run,the design of Rawls′difference principle does not emphasize the equality of results,but its ultimate goal is to improve the situation of the most disadvantaged to the fullest extent,thus playing an objective role in narrowing down the gap between the rich and the poor,preventing social unrest and maintaining social stability.Therefore,Rawls′s distributive justice has been transformed into a"strategy"of distribution in reality.

关 键 词：分配正义 自由 平等 差别原则 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]