地形部位对新嵊玄武岩台地土壤形成和性状的影响  

Effects of Topographic Positions on Soil Formation and Properties in the Xinsheng Basalt Tableland

作　　者：陈宇航 任白琳 章明奎[1] CHEN Yu-hang;REN Bai-lin;ZHANG Ming-kui(College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《土壤通报》2025年第1期18-26,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977001,41571207)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】浙江省新嵊玄武岩台地因受地壳抬升及河流下切的作用形成了由台地主体(台地中心区、台地边缘区)和台地前缘(台地前缘斜坡区、台地前缘平台区及台地前缘近河谷区)组成的地貌,了解该类地貌中不同地形部位土壤性状和土壤类型的变化规律及地形部位与土壤发生的关系,可为土壤调查与制图提供依据。【方法】在新嵊盆地内玄武岩集中分布区域的台地不同地形部位调查了32个点位的土壤剖面,系统鉴定土壤的形态特征、化学性状、矿物类型和养分特点,并根据《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》中的诊断标准划定不同地形部位的土壤类型。【结果】不同地形部位土壤发生学性状有明显的差异。有效土层厚度以台地边缘区为最深,台地前缘斜坡区最薄。台地主体区土壤的色调主要在5YR~2.5YR之间,红色率在6.00~15.00之间;而台地前缘区土壤的色调主要在7.5YR~10YR之间,红色率在0.00~3.33之间。台地主体区土壤质地以黏土为主;台地前缘区土壤以黏壤土为主,并含较多的砾石。台地主体区土壤游离氧化铁含量和氧化铁游离度明显高于台地前缘区,且前者的土壤氧化铁由针铁矿和赤铁矿组成,后者只含针铁矿。土壤风化淋溶系数、黏粒硅铝率、矿物类型及阳离子交换量等指标均表明,台地主体区土壤风化和发育强度明显高于台地前缘区。台地主体区(包括台地中心区和台地边缘区)土壤主要为富铁土,台地前缘平台区和台地前缘近河谷区主要分布雏形土,台地前缘斜坡区由雏形土和新成土组成。【结论】玄武岩台地地形部位对土壤形成和发育的影响主要是因侵蚀差异导致土壤形成相对时间变化及由地形改变土壤水分含量等引起的;台地主体地面稳定,有利于土壤的深度发育,台地前缘因受土壤侵蚀影响及排水条件较差影响了土壤盐基物质的淋失和土壤发育�[Objective]Due to the action of crustal uplift and river undercutting,the Xinsheng basalt tableland located in Zhejiang Province had a special landform composed of the main body of tableland(center of tableland and edge area of tableland)and tableland front(slope area of tableland front,platform area of tableland front and near valley area of tableland front).Understanding the evolution law of soil properties and soil types in different topographic positions of the landform and the relationship between topographic positions and soil genesis can provide basis for soil survey and mapping.[Method]The soil profiles from 32 points were investigated in different topographic positions of basalt concentrated distribution areas in the Xinsheng basin.The morphological characteristics,chemical properties,mineral types and nutrient elements of the soils were systematically characterized,and the soil types of different topographic positions were identified according to the diagnostic criteria of Keys to Chinese Soil Taxonomy.[Result]The results showed that there were significant differences in soil genetic characters among different topographic positions.Soil thickness was the deepest in edge area of the tableland and the thinnest in slope area of the tableland front.The main hue of the soils on main body of the tableland was mainly between 5YR and 2.5YR with the red rate of 6.00 to 15.00,while the hue of the soils in the front of the tableland was mainly between 7.5YR and 10YR with the red rate of 0.00 to 3.33.The main texture of the soil on main body of the tableland was clay,and that of the soils on the front edge of the tableland was mainly clayey loam with high amount of gravel.The content and degree of free iron oxides in the main soils on main body of the tableland were significantly higher than those on the front of the tableland,and the soil iron oxide of the former was composed of goethite and hematite,while for the latter only goethite was identified.The soil development indexes such as weathering leaching coeffici

关 键 词：玄武岩台地 地形部位 土壤发育 空间变化 土壤类型 相对时间 

分 类 号：S151[农业科学—土壤学] S155[农业科学—农业基础科学]