南充市不同类型土壤理化性质比较研究  

Comparative Study on Physical and Chemical Properties of Different Types of Soils in Nanchong

作　　者：蒲成伟 廖前超 张绩 周上铃 何发 周泽弘 杜晓秋 周立 陈品文 杨贵川 Cheng-wei;LIAO Qian-chao;ZHANG Ji;ZHOU Shang-ling;HE Fa;ZHOU Ze-hong;DU Xiao-qiu;ZHOU Li;CHEN Pin-wen;YANG Gui-chuan(Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong,Sichuan 637000,China;Nanchong Soil and Fertilizer Station,Nanchong,Sichuan 637000,China)

机构地区：[1]南充市农业科学院,四川南充637000 [2]南充市土壤肥料站,四川南充637000

出　　处：《土壤通报》2025年第1期74-86,共13页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2024YFD2300803);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-26);国家产业技术体系四川省水果创新团队(sccxtd-2024-04);南充市农科院青年基金项目(QJYB2504)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了解南充市土壤养分基本信息及不同土壤类型间养分含量的差异性。【方法】2020年对南充市872个耕地土壤样品的14个理化指标进行检测分析,利用第二次全国土壤普查养分分级标准对检测结果进行等级划分,并根据《中国土壤系统分类检索》进行土壤分类。【结果】土壤检测与养分分级结果表明,土壤整体紧实呈碱性,有效磷、有效铁处于第1级,有效铜、有效硫、有效锌处于第2级,全氮、速效钾、有效锰、有效硼处于第3级,有机质含量、碱解氮、有效钼处于第4级;土壤分类结果表明,南充市土壤类型分别为黄壤、新积土、紫色土、潮土和水稻土,其样点占比分别为3.78%、0.46%、50.23%、2.63%和42.89%。新积土的土壤容重值最大,平均为1.75 g cm-3,同时有效锌、有效铁、有效硼、有效硫等养分的平均含量也最低。黄壤平均pH为6.94,但有效锰、有效硼平均含量最高,其中的典型黄壤在有机质、碱解氮和中微量元素的含量上更高,漂洗黄壤则在有效磷、速效钾上的平均含量上更高。紫色土的碱性程度最高,但有机质、全氮、有效态的氮磷钾的平均含量均最低;石灰性紫色土在紫色土中的样品占比为78.08%,不仅碱性程度高,且有机质以及中微量元素的平均含量更高;中性紫色土则在大量元素的平均含量上占优。水稻土在有机质、有效铜、有效铁、有效硫的平均含量上最高,但土壤容重最低,4种水稻土亚类中,渗育水稻土样品占水稻土总样本的比例最高,为52.95%,淹育水稻土中的全氮、碱解氮、有效锌、有效锰、有效硼、有效硫平均值最高,潴育水稻土的有机质平均含量最高,潜育水稻土的有效磷、有效钾平均含量最高。【结论】南充耕地土壤类型以紫色土、水稻土为主,含有少量新积土、黄壤、潮土等,紫色土中以石灰性紫色土为主,水稻土中以潜育型水稻土为主。土�[Objective]The aim was to understand the basic information of soil nutrients in Nanchong,and the difference of nutrient content among different soil types.[Method]The 14 physicochemical indicators of 872 cultivated land soil samples collected in Nanchong in 2020 were measured.The test results were classified by using the nutrient grading standards of the second national soil survey,and the soil types were classified according to the Chinese Soil System Classification.[Result]The results of soil testing and nutrient grading indicated that the overall soil compaction was alkaline,the available phosphorus(AP)and available iron(Fe)were in the first grade.The available copper(Cu),available sulfur(S)and available zinc(Zn)were in the second grade,and the total nitrogen(TN),available potassium(AK),available manganese(Mn)and available boron(B)were in the third grade.The contents of soil organic matter(SOM),alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen(AN)and available molybdenum(Mo)were in the fourth grade.The soil classification results showed that the soil types in Nanchong were yellow earths,neo-alluvial soils,purplish soils,fluvo-aquic soils and paddy soils,with sampling site proportions of 3.78%,0.46%,50.23%,2.63%and 42.89%,respectively.The soil bulk density of neo-alluvial soils was the highest,with an average of 1.75 g cm-3.At the same time,the average contents of nutrients,such as available Zn,available Fe,available B and available S,were also the lowest.The average pH of yellow earths was 6.94,but the average contents of available Mn and available B was the highest.Typical yellow earth had higher contents of SOM,AN and trace elements,while bleached yellow earth had higher average contents of AP and AK.Purplish soil had the highest alkalinity,but the average contents of SOM,TN,AN,AP and AK were the lowest.Lime purplish soil accounted for 78.08%of the samples in purplish soil,which not only has a high alkalinity,but also had a higher average contents of SOM and trace elements.Neutral purplish soil had an advantage in the average cont

关 键 词：南充市 土壤分类 营养元素 

分 类 号：S159.2[农业科学—土壤学] S153.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]