子午岭森林土壤水分散性胶体特性研究  

Characteristics of Water Dispersible Colloids in Forest Soils of Ziwuling Region

作　　者：胡少杰 吕银彦 孟静 张宇航 杜伟 胡斐南[3,4] 许晨阳 HU Shao-jie;LV Yin-yan;MENG Jing;ZHANG Yu-hang;DU Wei;HU Fei-nan;XU Chen-yang(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agrienvironment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences&Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [4]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《土壤通报》2025年第1期96-106,共11页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金项目(2023-JC-YB-263);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202210712157);中央高校基本科研业务费(2452020165)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】研究黄土高原自然植被恢复典型森林群落土壤水分散性胶体的特性,为该区土壤质量评估与生态恢复建设提供科学依据。【方法】采用空间代替时间方法,以子午岭林区植被恢复时间分别为90年、110年、130年和160年的辽东栎森林土壤为研究对象,采用离心法提取土壤水分散性胶体,表征其表面形貌、黏土矿物类型和表面官能团;采用表面性质联合测定法测定水分散性胶体的表面电化学性质,研究土壤和水分散性胶体的养分计量特征。【结果】随着植被恢复时间增加,森林土壤有机碳含量和阳离子交换量升高,土壤表面电荷数量及电荷密度逐渐增加,土壤全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量提高,C/N、C/P和N/P均表现出先增长后降低的趋势。养分计量学分析表明,子午岭森林土壤受到氮素营养限制。森林土壤水分散性胶体的主要黏土矿物是水云母、绿泥石和高岭石,与农田土壤胶体相比,森林土壤胶体数量降低,其有机碳稳定性更高。土壤水分散性胶体对土壤有机碳、速效钾、速效磷和表面电荷数量的平均贡献率为26.28%、45.44%、68.09%和79.62%,表明速效钾和速效磷主要集中在土壤胶体部分。【结论】植被恢复提高了子午岭森林土壤的氮素含量,但土壤养分仍受到氮素限制,同时降低了土壤水分散性胶体的数量及速效磷和钾含量,降低了颗粒态氮和磷的迁移风险,有利于改善下游水体质量。[Objective]This study aimed to explore the characteristics of soil water dispersible colloids in forest soils during natural vegetation restoration succession in Ziwuling forest region on the Loess Plateau,which provides scientific data for soil quality assessment and ecological restoration in the area.[Method]By using the method of space-for-time substitution,forest soils under Quercus liaodongicae,with vegetation restoration time of 90,110,130 and 160 years,respectively,were selected as typical representatives of Ziwuling forest region.Soil water dispersible colloids were extracted using centrifugation,and their surface morphology,clay mineral types,and surface functional groups were characterized.The surface electrochemical properties of the water dispersible colloids were analyzed using the combined determination of surface properties.The total nutrient amounts,available nutrient contents,and nutrient stoichiometry of the soil and water dispersible colloids were determined.[Result]As the vegetation restoration time increased,the forest soil organic carbon content and cation exchange capacity increased.The quantity and charge density of soil surface charges gradually increased.The total nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents increased.The ratios of C/N,C/P and N/P showed a trend of initial increase followed by decrease.Nutrient stoichiometry analysis indicated that the soils in the Ziwuling forest were nitrogenlimited.The main clay minerals of water-dispersible colloids in forest soils were hydrous mica,chlorite,and kaolinite.Compared with farmland soil colloids,the mass percentages of forest soil colloids were reduced,and their organic carbon stability was higher.The organic carbon,available potassium,available phosphorus and surface charge quantity of water-dispersible colloids accounted for 26.28%,45.44%,68.09%and 79.62%of the bulk soil,indicating that available potassium and phosphorus were mainly concentrated in the soil colloid fraction.[Conclusion]Vegetation restoration has increased t

关 键 词：植被恢复 土壤胶体 表面电化学 养分化学计量 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]