吉林省集安和抚松两地种参土壤肥力演变及综合评价  

Evolution and Comprehensive Evaluation of Soil Fertility for Panax ginseng Cultivation in Jilin Province

作　　者：金桥 张亚玉[1,2] JIN Qiao;ZHANG Ya-yu(Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Cultivation and Propagation,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130112,China;College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering,Chengdu University,Chengdu 610106,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院特产研究所,吉林省中药材种植(养殖)重点实验室,吉林长春130112 [2]成都大学食品与生物工程学院,四川成都610106

出　　处：《土壤通报》2025年第1期146-156,共11页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】本研究旨在通过数据收集和样品测试,重点分析了吉林人参主产区(集安、抚松)1963年、2003~2008年、2012年、2018年和2022年5个时期种参土壤肥力变化趋势。【方法】运用土壤综合评价法和克里金插值定量评价了土壤综合肥力指数(IFI)及其时空变异特征。【结果】近60年来,主产区种参土壤酸碱度(pH值)呈现持续下降趋势,从1963年的5.55降至2022年的4.75。有机质含量大幅下降,从最高的73.0 g kg^(-1)(1963年)降至最低的16.6 g kg^(-1)(2012年)。碱解氮含量在2003~2008年达到顶峰409.0 mg kg^(-1)后,也呈现出明显下降趋势,至2012年降至最低11.3 mg kg^(-1)。有效磷含量经历了“U”型变化,从1963年23.0 mg kg^(-1)降至2012年最低点9.49 mg kg^(-1),但在2018年回升至峰值88.9 mg kg^(-1)。有效钾含量则呈现抛物线型变化,从1963年176.00 mg kg^(-1)逐步上升至2018年最高点389.0 mg kg^(-1),但在2022年有所回落。主成分分析显示,pH和有效磷土壤肥力评价指标权重增加,有机质和有效钾土壤肥力评价指标权重下降。IFI总体上波动较大,从0.78增至0.81后降至0.51,再升至0.86,2022年保持在0.82。此外,集安土壤肥力较高于抚松,特别是2018~2022年,其IFI超过0.8,甚至达到了1的高水平。评价结果表明,其土壤的主要肥力贡献来自于有机质和有效磷。【结论】经过60年的耕种和管理,主产区种参土壤肥力下降,主要是由于有机质、碱解氮和有效磷含量降低所致。值得注意的是,集安的土壤肥力升高与有效磷含量增加有关。因此,为保障人参土壤肥力提高,应重点补充土壤有机质和有效磷含量。[Objective]This study aimed to analyze the changing trend of soil fertility in the primary production areas of Panax ginseng in Jilin Province,specifically in Ji'an and Fusong,over five distinct periods from 1963 to 2022,with a focus on 2003~2008,2012,2018,and 2022.[Method]Quantitative assessments of the soil's Integrated Fertility Index(IFI)and its spatial and temporal variations were conducted using the soil comprehensive evaluation method and Kriging interpolation.[Result]The results revealed a consistent downward trend in soil pH over the past 60 years,decreasing from 5.55 in 1963 to 4.75 in 2022.Simultaneously,there was a significant reduction in organic matter content,from a peak of 73.0 g kg^(-1)in 1963 to a low of 16.6 g kg^(-1)in 2012.Following a peak of 409.0 mg kg^(-1)in 2003~2008.The available nitrogen contents also exhibited a notable decline,reaching a minimum of 11.3 mg kg^(-1)in 2012.The available phosphorus content followed a"U"-shaped pattern,decreasing from 23.0 mg kg^(-1)in 1963 to a low of 9.49 mg kg^(-1)in 2012,but then rebounding to a peak of 88.9 mg kg^(-1)in 2018.The available potassium content exhibited a parabolic change,gradually increasing from 176.00 mg kg^(-1)in 1963 to a peak of 389.0 mg kg^(-1)in 2018,with a slight decrease observed in 2022.Principal component analysis revealed that the relative importance of pH and available phosphorus had increased,while the significance of organic matter and available potassium had decreased.Overall,the IFI fluctuated significantly,increasing from 0.78 to 0.81,then decreasing to 0.51,and then increasing to 0.86,remaining at 0.82 in 2022.Furthermore,soil fertility in Ji'an was generally higher than that in Fusong,particularly during the period from 2018 to 2022,when its IFI not only exceeded 0.8 but even reached level 1.The evaluation results showed that the main fertility contribution of the soil came from organic matter and available phosphorus.[Conclusion]After 60 years of cultivation and management,the decrease in soil fertility for ginseng

关 键 词：人参 土壤PH 土壤养分 土壤综合肥力指数 时空演变 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]