不同土壤类型对烤烟青枯病发生及其根际土壤理化性状和细菌群落多样性的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Types on the Occurrence of Bacterial Wilt in Flue-cured Tobacco and Its Rhizosphere Soil Physicochemical Properties and Bacterial Community Diversities

作　　者：韦建玉[1] 张思敏[2] 张纪利[1] 李俊霖 黄崇峻[1] 蔡一霞[2] 王维[2] WEI Jian-yu;ZHANG Si-min;ZHANG Ji-li;LI Jun-lin;HUANG Chong-jun;CAI Yi-xia;WANG Wei(Guangxi China Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd,Nanning 530001,China;South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangxi Tobacco Monopoly Bureau(Company)Tobacco Management Office,Baise 530022,China)

机构地区：[1]广西中烟工业有限责任公司,广西南宁530001 [2]华南农业大学,广东广州510642 [3]广西壮族自治区烟草专卖局(公司)烟叶管理处,广西百色530022

出　　处：《土壤通报》2025年第1期228-237,共10页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：广西中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(合同编号:2021450000340018)。

摘　　要：【目的】本文旨在探明不同土壤类型对烟株根际土壤的理化性状及其细菌群落多样性对烤烟青枯病发生的影响。【方法】通过调查不同土壤类型下烤烟青枯病的发生情况,分析发病烟株与健康烟株的根际土壤的理化性状和细菌群落多样性,探讨二者与烟株青枯病发生的关系。【结果】研究表明,不同土壤类型下烤烟青枯病的发病率和病情指数存在显著差异,淹育性水稻土(A)的青枯病发病率和病情指数最严重,盐渍性水稻土(S)的发病率较低,黄红壤(I)的病情指数最低。发病后烟株根际土壤的理化性状和细菌群落的多样性与健康烟株间存在显著差异,这种差异因土壤类型的不同而不同。盐渍性水稻土改变了烟草根际细菌群落组成并增加了物种多样性,从而有效减少烤烟青枯病的发生。在健康土壤中,普雷沃氏菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属细菌数量与发病率(DI)呈负相关;而在发病土中,硝化螺旋菌属、雷尔氏菌属与发病率(DI)呈正相关。【结论】盐渍性水稻土的健康土壤可改善烟田土壤细菌群落,通过减少硝化螺旋菌属病原菌的繁殖,进而有效抑制烟草枯青枯病的发生;而淹育性水稻土的发病土壤可促进硝化螺旋菌属病原菌生长,导致烟草青枯病发病率增加。[Objective]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different soil types on the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil and the diversity of bacterial communities on the occurrence of bacterial wilt in flue-cured tobacco.[Method]The occurrences of tobacco blight were investigated in different soil types,the physicochemical properties and bacterial community diversity of the inter-root soils of diseased and healthy tobacco plants were tested,and the relationship between the two and the occurrence of tobacco blight was analyzed.[Result]The study showed that there are significant differences in the incidence and disease index of tobacco bacterial wilt under different soil types.The incidence and disease index of bacterial wilt were the most severe in submerged paddy soil(A),while the incidence was relatively low in saline paddy soil(S),and the disease index was the lowest in yellow red soil(I).There are significant differences in the physical and chemical properties of soil and the diversity of bacterial communities at the root zone between diseased and healthy tobacco plants.These differences varied depending on the type of soil.The differences in physical and chemical properties of soil and the diversity of bacterial communities at the root zone between diseased and healthy tobacco plants were significant.These differences varied depending on the type of soil.In healthy soil,the bacteria number of Prevotella and Sphingomonas were negatively correlated with the incidence(DI)of the disease.While in diseased soil,the bacteria number of Nitrospirae and Rickettsiales was positively correlated with the incidence(DI)of the disease.[Conclusion]The healthy soil of saline-alkali paddy soil can improve the soil bacterial community in tobacco fields,effectively inhibit the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt by reducing the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria of Nitrospirae.While,the diseased soil of submerged paddy soil can promote the growth of pathogenic bacteria of Nitrospirae,leading to an incr

关 键 词：烤烟 枯萎病 土壤肥力 根际细菌 群落多样性 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]