油葵修复严格管控区复合型重金属污染土壤的效果  

Effect of Helianthus annuus on Remediation of Compound Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil in Strictly Controlled Areas

作　　者：严雯雯 赵浪 吴双 衡启蒙 王频 刘建军 王星 刘金萍 吴明月 温昱斌 甘金花 张一[1] YAN Wen-wen;ZHAO Lang;WU Shuang;HENG Qi-meng;WANG Pin;LIU Jian-jun;WANG Xing;LIU Jin-ping;WU Ming-yue;WEN Yu-bin;GAN Jin-hua;ZHANG Yi(College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Ganzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone,Ganzhou 341000,China;Ganzhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Ganzhou 341000,China;Chongyi Branch,Ganzhou Housing Provident Fund Management Center,Ganzhou 341000,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Chongyi County,Ganzhou 341000,China;Ganzhou Tianli Energy Technology Consulting Service Co.,Ltd.,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]赣州经济技术开发区住房与建设局,江西赣州341000 [3]赣州市农业农村局,江西赣州341000 [4]赣州市住房公积金管理中心崇义分中心,江西赣州341000 [5]赣州市崇义县农业农村局,江西赣州341000 [6]赣州市天力能源科技咨询服务有限公司,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《土壤通报》2025年第1期274-283,共10页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32171823)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】探究种植油葵修复镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)、铅(Pb)等重金属复合型污染农田土壤的效果及枯草芽孢杆菌的辅助效应,筛选一种适合江西赣州重金属污染农田土壤植物修复的理想植物。【方法】在江西省赣州市有色金属矿区的典型重金属复合污染农田,以油葵为主要试验材料,龙葵、鬼针草为对比材料,同时设置枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂处理,开展污染农田的植物-微生物联合修复试验。【结果】油葵整株的Cd富集量平均达到了1.5mg plant-1,以本试验的油葵种植密度83000~84000 plants hm^(-2)计算,每年可移走、清除污染农田土壤中Cd元素124.5~126 g hm^(-2)。油葵对污染土壤中Hg的富集和清除能力相对较弱,而对Pb的富集能力较强,同时菌剂施加显著增强了油葵根系对Pb的吸收和富集能力,其根系对As的富集和清除能力都较强,平均每株油葵As积累量为0.14~0.20 mg plant-1,但芽孢杆菌菌剂添加对油葵的As富集能力并无显著影响。油葵对Cd的富集能力显著优于龙葵和鬼针草,而三种植物对Hg、As、Pd的富集能力并无显著差异。对油葵籽粒所提取的油脂进行分析,其Cd的含量为0.078mg kg^(-1),As、Pb、Hg均未检测出,重金属含量符合国家食品安全标准。而油葵籽粒榨油后剩余的油粕Cd的含量为8.27 mg kg^(-1),需作为有害废弃物进行妥善处理。【结论】与本试验的龙葵、鬼针草相比,油葵对Cd的富集、清除效率具有显著优势。此外,油葵兼具经济价值和观赏价值,可以认为是一种适合江西赣州重金属污染农田土壤植物修复的理想候选植物。[Objective]The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of planting Helianthus annuus for the remediation of composite heavy metal polluted farmland contaminated with cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg),arsenic(As),lead(Pb)under conditions of Bacillus subtilis biopreparations and the auxiliary effect of Bacillus subtilis,which could help to choose an ideal candidate plant for the remediation of heavy metal polluted farmland soil in Ganzhou,Jiangxi.[Method]In the typical heavy metal compound polluted farmland of nonferrous metal mining area in Ganzhou,Jiangxi Province,Helianthus annuus was used as the main test material,solanum nigrum and Bidens bipinnata were used as the contrast materials,and Bacillus subtilis was set up to carry out the plant-microorganism combined remediation test of polluted farmland.[Result]The average Cd accumulation in the whole plant of Helianthus annuus reached 1.5 mg plant-1.Calculating based on the planting density of Helianthus annuus in this experiment(83000-84000 plants hm^(-2)),it could remove and clear Cd elements from the polluted farmland soil at a rate of 124.5-126 g hm^(-2)annually.Helianthus annuus showed relatively weak accumulation and removal abilities for Hg in polluted soil,but a strong accumulation ability for Pb.Furthermore,the application of the biopreparations significantly enhanced the absorption and accumulation ability of oil sunflower roots for Pb.Helianthus annuus exhibited strong accumulation and removal abilities for As,with an average accumulation of 0.14-0.20 mg plant-1.The addition of Bacillus subtilis biopreparations did not significantly affect the As accumulation ability of Helianthus annuus.Helianthus annuus showed significantly better accumulation ability for Cd compared to Black Nightshade and Spanish Needle,while there was no significant difference in the accumulation abilities of the three plants for Hg,As,and Pb.The analysis of the oil extracted from sunflower seeds showed a Cd content of 0.078 mg kg^(-1),with non-detection of As,Pb,and Hg,meeting national food s

关 键 词：油葵 芽孢杆菌 复合污染 镉(Cd)污染 植物修复 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173[农业科学—作物学] S565.5