国际人权法与人道法在武装冲突中适用的比较研究  

A Comparative Study on the Application of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law in Armed Conflicts

作　　者：卢玉 Lu Yu

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院

出　　处：《人权》2025年第1期159-176,共18页Human Rights

摘　　要：目前俄乌冲突尚未平息,以色列和巴勒斯坦之间的武装冲突持续升级,造成大量的平民伤亡。为了更好地保护武装冲突中的战争受难者,澄清国际人权法与人道法在武装冲突中的适用关系是亟须解决的现实问题。国际人权法与人道法适用的比较研究需从三个问题进行逐步深入:其一,国际人权法是否适用于武装冲突;其二,若国际人权法得以适用,其与国际人道法是如何相辅相成、互补发展的;其三,在国际人权法和人道法共同适用发生冲突的情况下,宜采用何种方法解决冲突。鉴于此,通过梳理国际人权法和人道法之间的历史沿革可知,国际人权法与人道法具有共同的哲学基础,可以在武装冲突中得以共同适用。随后从实证视角分析,国际人权法在武装冲突中通过对人道法进行解释和直接适用于武装冲突两种方式,与人道法实现互动发展。国际人权法与人道法之间在使用武力规则和拘留程序方面存在规范冲突,系统整合原则和特殊法原则可以调和适用过程中的冲突问题。The RussiaUkraine conflict remains unresolved,while the armed conflict between Israel and Palestine continues to escalate,causing significant civilian casualties.To better protect the victims of war in armed conflicts,clarifying the applicability of international human rights law(IHRL)and international humanitarian law(IHL)in such contexts has become an urgent issue.A comparative study on the application of IHRL and IHL needs to address three key questions step bu step:First,whether IHRL is applicable during armed conflicts;second,if applicable,how IHRL complements and interacts with IHL;and third,what methods should be adopted to resolve conflicts when IHRL and IHL are applied concurrently.In this context,an analysis of the historical development of IHRL and IHL reveals that the two share a common philosophical foundation,and thus they can be applied concurrently during armed conflicts.From an empirical perspective,IHRL engages with IHL through two approaches:interpreting IHL provisions and directly applying IHRL to armed conflicts,thereby fostering interactive development between the two.In cases where normative conflicts arise between IHRL and IHL,such as in the rules on the use of force and detention procedures,the principles of systemic integration and lex specialis can reconcile these conflicts during the application process.

关 键 词：国际人权法 国际人道法 武装冲突 比较研究 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]