我国微罪未完成形态处罚范围研究  

Study on Scope of Punishment of Uncomplete Form of Petty Crimes in China

作　　者：苦打哈 刘静虹 KU Daha;LIU Jinghong(Second Procuratorial Department,Xichang People's Procuratorate,Xichang,Sichuan 615099,China)

机构地区：[1]西昌市人民检察院第二检察部,四川西昌615099

出　　处：《石家庄学院学报》2025年第2期90-96,共7页Journal of Shijiazhuang University

摘　　要：当前,我国刑事立法进入微罪时代,而我国刑法对微罪未完成形态处罚范围仍采取普罚制,该做法不但与国内立法趋势、司法实践严重不符,而且处罚范围过大,易造成罪责刑不等不良后果,因此,亟须重新审视微罪未完成形态处罚范围。研究认为,为顺应新时代微罪治理的目标,一方面要进一步明确微罪未完成形态处罚范围的基本原则,对微罪预备犯、中止犯、未遂犯分别采取不罚制、不够罪及原则上处罚模式;另一方面针对微罪具体罪名开展未完成形态处罚范围的具体设计,以是否存在犯罪未完成形态对刑法典中8个微罪进行分类处理。其中,对于代替考试罪,使用虚假身份证件、盗用身份证件罪,侵犯通信自由罪以及偷越国边境罪(不以恐怖活动为目的)的预备犯、中止犯、未遂犯分别采取不处罚、不够罪、原则上处罚模式;对于危险驾驶罪、妨害安全驾驶罪、危险作业罪、高空抛物罪的未遂犯采取原则上处罚模式。China's criminal legislation is now in the era of petty crimes,but criminal law still insists on the universal punishment system for the uncompleted form of petty crimes,which is not only inconsistent with the domestic legislative trend and judicial practice,but also the scope of punishment is too large,which is easy to cause unequal punishment.Therefore,it is urgent to re-examine the scope of punishment of uncomplete form of petty crimes.Research suggests that,in order to meet the goal of prtty crime governance in the new era,on the one hand,it is necessary to further clarify the basic principles of the scope of punishment of uncomplete form of petty crimes,and adopt a non-punishment system,insufficient crime and a principle based punishment model for the preparatory crime,the suspended crime and unaccomplished crime respectively.On the other hand,for specific charges of petty crimes,the scope of uncomplete form of punishment is specifically designed.The eight petty crimes in the criminal code are classified according to whether there is an uncomplete form of crime,in which the modes of no punishment,insufficient crime and principle punishment shall be adopted respectively for the preparatory crime,discontinued crime,and unaccomplished crime of replacing examinations,using false identity documents and stealing identity documents,violating the freedom of communication and the crime of illegally crossing the national borde(not for the purpose of terrorist activities);The mode of principle punishment shall be adopted for the unaccomplished crime of dangerous driving,endangering the safety of driving,dangerous operation and throwing objects at high altitude.

关 键 词：微罪 预备犯 中止犯 未遂犯 处罚范围 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]