黄喙蜾蠃形态特征和筑巢行为研究  

Morphological Characteristics and Nesting Behaviorof Rhynchiumquinquecinctum Fabricius

作　　者：刘潇宇 韩懂博 韦佳宝 胡俊杰 任迎丰 贺春玲[1] LIU Xiao-yu;HAN Dong-bo;Wei Jia-bao;HU Jun-Jie;REN Ying-feng;HE Chun-ling(College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,Henan 471000;State-owned Yugong Forest Farm,Jiyuan,Henan 459000)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学园艺与植物保护学院,河南洛阳471000 [2]国有济源愚公林场,河南济源459000

出　　处：《陕西林业科技》2025年第2期52-58,共7页Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology

基　　金：河南南太行山水林田湖草生态保护修复试点工程(济源项目)(JGZJCAI-2019125);国家科技部基础调查专项(2018FY100404)。

摘　　要：为进一步保护和利用黄喙蜾蠃资源提供理论依据,本研究采用巢管法对黄喙蜾蠃种群筑巢动态进行观察,通过解剖筑巢巢管测定黄喙蜾蠃筑巢的行为指标和巢内巢结构,通过室内饲养观察子代蜂在巢管中的发育动态。研究发现,黄喙蜾蠃是农田生态系统的优势筑巢蜂,占总筑巢蜂数量的71.47%,且不同月份筑巢蜂数量差异显著。黄喙蜾蠃筑的巢由巢室、巢室隔板和封堵严实的巢口组成,巢室隔板和巢口封堵材料为泥土,筑巢巢管的长度在15.00~224.00 mm之间,平均为123.78±1.04 mm;筑巢巢管的内径在3.56~16.58 mm之间,平均为8.62±0.03 mm;巢内巢室数量为1~10个,平均为4.06±0.03个,其中3~5个巢室占67.07%。巢室分为育幼巢室、空白巢室和前庭三种类型,育幼巢室占总巢室数量的49.53%,有前庭的巢管占总巢管数量的89.16%,其中雌性的巢室长度为32.49±10.04 mm,雄性巢室长度为31.31±12.86 mm,雌雄蜂巢室长度有显著性差异。前庭巢室的长度在3.57~145.01 mm之间,平均为34.91±0.81 mm;前庭巢室的长度与巢管的长度相关性检验结果表明两者之间存在正相关。在农田生态系统中,利用巢管法增加黄喙蜾蠃的种群数量,对鳞翅目幼虫的危害具有一定的控制作用。This study provides a theoretical basis for further conserving and utilizing the resources of the species Rhynchiumquinquecinctum(Fabricius).The nesting dynamics of R.quinquecinctum populations were observed using the nest-tube method;behavioral indicators of nesting and the internal nest structure of R.quinquecinctum were measured by dissecting the nest tubes.Additionally,the developmental dynamics of offspring wasps within the nest tubes were observed under indoor rearing conditions.The result shows thatR.quinquecinctumis the dominant nesting insect in the farmland ecosystem,accounting for 71.47%of the total nesting wasp population,with significant monthly variations in nesting wasp numbers.The nests built by R.quinquecinctum consist of nest chambers,chamber partitions,and tightly sealed nest entrances,with mud used as the material for both chamber partitions and nest entrance sealing.The length of the nest tubes ranged from 15.00 to 224.00 mm,averaging 123.78±1.04 mm;the inner diameter of the nest tubes ranged from 3.56 to 16.58 mm,averaging 8.62±0.03 mm.The number of nest chambers ranged from 1 to 10,averaging 4.06±0.03,with 67.07%having 3 to 5 chambers.The nest chambers are classified into three types:brood-rearing chambers,empty chambers,and vestibules.Brood-rearing chambers account for 49.53%of the total chambers,and nest tubes with vestibules account for 89.16%of the total nest tubes.The lengths of female and male chambers are significantly different,with an average of 32.49±10.04 mm for female chambers and 31.31±12.86 mm for male chambers.The lengths of vestibule chambers ranged from 3.57 to 145.01 mm,averaging 34.91±0.81 mm.Correlation tests between the length of vestibule chambers and the length of nest tubes indicate a positive correlation.In farmland ecosystems,increasing the population of R.quinquecinctum using the nest-tube method can help control the damage caused by Lepidoptera larvae.

关 键 词：黄喙蜾蠃 形态特征 人工巢管 巢结构 

分 类 号：Q96[生物学—昆虫学]