矿区漂浮水稻开发利用关键技术与实施保障  

Key Technologies and Implementation Guarantees for Development and Utilization of Floating Rice in Mining Areas

作　　者：汤怀志 夏秋乐 马涛涛 石馨晔 刘锦 刘允佳 陈冲 黄元仿 TANG Huaizhi;XIA Qiuyue;MA Taotao;SHI Xinye;LIU Jin;LIU Yunjia;CHEN Chong;HUANG Yuanfang(College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Huahai Energy Health Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Huainan Anhui 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]淮河能源健康产业集团有限责任公司,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版)》2024年第6期90-98,共9页Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology:Natural Science

基　　金：农业部软科学研究项目(KLERUAR2023-01)。

摘　　要：目的为落实国家关于“积极开发各类非传统耕地资源”的战略部署,响应《土地复垦条例》中“复垦土地应优先用于农业”的要求,聚焦井工矿区塌陷、沉降区土地复垦难题,总结矿山塌陷水面漂浮水稻种植技术,探索粮食安全与矿区生态修复的协同发展。方法通过系统梳理总结矿区漂浮水稻种植的关键技术,包括漂浮板材料选择与设计、栽培基质优化、水稻品种选育及适应性提升等技术,提出了矿山塌陷水体修复与利用的整体技术框架。结果拓展了矿山塌陷区非传统耕地开发的新路径,总结形成了矿山塌陷水体修复与漂浮水稻种植技术的框架,为保障粮食安全与生态修复协同发展,提出了相关的政策建议,包括研制技术标准、创新机制和完善投融资体系。结论为推动矿山塌陷水面漂浮水稻种植技术的应用,一是要探索研制矿区漂浮水稻开发利用技术标准,依托现有国家规范,探索制定全流程标准;二是创新非传统耕地补充耕地机制,统筹非传统耕地资源,实现"藏粮于地"与"藏粮于技"结合;三是推动投融资机制和培养专业人才,通过多元化融资吸引社会资本,推动人才队伍建设,为非传统耕地开发提供持续支撑。Objective To implement the national strategy of"actively developing various non-traditional arable land resources"and respond to the requirement in the Land Reclamation Regulation that"The reclaimed land should be prioritized for agricultural use,"this study focuses on addressing the challenges of land reclamation in subsidence and settlement areas of underground mining zones.It summarizes the technology of floating rice cultivation on water surfaces in mining subsidence areas,exploring the coordinated development of food security and ecological restoration in mining regions.Methods The comprehensive technical framework for the restoration and utilization of water bodies in mining subsidence areas was proposed by systematically reviewing and summarizing the key technologies of floating rice cultivation in mining areas,including the selection and design of floating board materials,optimization of cultivation substrates,breeding and adaptability enhancement of rice varieties,and related management technologies.Results The development pathways for non-traditional arable land in mining subsidence areas were expanded,and the technical framework for water body restoration and floating rice cultivation was established,which provided the policy recommendations,including the formulation of technical standards,innovation in mechanisms,and improvement of investment and financing systems to ensure the coordinated development of food security and ecological restoration.Conclusions To promote the application of floating rice cultivation technology on water surfaces in mining subsidence areas,the following measures are recommended.(1)To develop the technical standards for the utilization of floating rice cultivation in mining areas,relying on existing national regulations to establish comprehensive,end-to-end guidelines.(2)To innovate the mechanisms for supplementing arable land with non-traditional resources,integrating"grain storage in land"and"grain storage in technology".(3)To enhance the investment and financing mechanisms

关 键 词：矿山塌陷区 漂浮作物种植 土地复垦 矿山生态修复 非传统耕地开发 

分 类 号：TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]