华北煤田南缘表生岩溶发育特征及演化过程  

Development Characteristics and Evolutional Process of Epigene Karst in Southern Margin of North China Coalfield

作　　者：许光泉[1] 章晋升 杨婷婷 李浩 贺彪 张海涛[1] XU Guangquan;ZHANG Jinsheng;YANG Tingting;LI Hao;HE Biao;ZHANG Haitao(School of Earth and Environment,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan Anhui 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学地球与环境学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期1-10,共10页Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42172279,42272281)。

摘　　要：目的表生岩溶不仅提高了碳酸盐岩地层渗透性和连通性,也为地下水储存和运移提供了储存场所和通道,对煤田岩溶水害形成具有一定控制作用。方法以华北煤田南缘的淮南上窑地区寒武系岩溶地层为对象,通过野外地质调查、剖面测量、统计以及薄片鉴定等方法,系统分析了表生岩溶发育特征,并结合区域沉积史、构造史探讨其演化过程。结果该地区的表生岩溶主要发育在推覆体块段的上盘、向斜核部的馒头组与毛庄组碳酸盐岩地层,其次发育在两翼的猴家山组地层。表生岩溶主要以裂隙、溶隙、溶孔等形式存在,以垂直方向发育为主,走向为NE、NW、NNE和NNW向,其次沿层面发育裂隙、溶隙。岩性与岩层结构、挤压-拉张宽缓向斜、断裂及裂隙等是控制表生岩溶发育的主要因素,尤其是寒武系灰岩垂向溶隙发育过程中受下部紫红色的泥岩阻隔,形成层面溶隙。此外,植被和径流作用加速了表生岩溶发育过程。结论表生岩溶演化过程经历了前期的沉积阶段、挤压-皱阶段阶段,后期的拉张、溶蚀作用与网络化阶段,研究成果为淮南煤田隐伏区岩溶水赋存机理研究及对岩溶水害防治提供理论依据。Objective To investigate the mechanism thatepigene karst not only improves the permeability and connectivity of carbonate rock formations,but also provides storage sites and channels for groundwater storage and transport,especially in controlling the formation of karst water hazards to our coalfield.Methods The development characteristics of epikarst and its evolution process were analyzed systematically,bytakingthe Cambrian karst strata of the Shangyao area in Huainan,situated on the southern edge of the north China coalfield,as the object,with such methods as field geological survey,profile survey,statistical analysis and thin section identification,combined with regional sedimentary history and structural history.Results The epikarst mainly developed in the hanging wall of the nappe block,Mantou Formation and Maozhuang Formation carbonate strata in the syncline core,and Houjiashan Formation strata in two wings of the syncline.Epikarst,mainly existing in the form of fissures,dissolved cracks and pores,developed along the vertical direction,inthe orientations of NE,NW,NNE and NNW,butsomeoffissures and dissolved cracksdid along the bedding plane.Thelithologyand rock structures,squeezing-stretching and wide synclines,faults,and fractures were the main controlling factors of the development of epikarst.Besides,the vegetation and runoff accelerated the development process of epikarst.Conclusion The evolution process of epikarst has gone through the early stages of sedimentation and compression,and the late stages of tension,dissolution and networking.The research results provide theoretical basis for the study of karst water occurrence mechanism in the covered areas of Huainan coalfield and the prevention and control of karst water hazards.

关 键 词：推覆体构造 表生岩溶 岩溶形成与演化 上窑地区 

分 类 号：P642.4[天文地球—工程地质学]