复杂条件下陕北浅埋煤层采空区的综合探查技术研究  

Comprehensive Exploration Technology on Shallow Buried Coal Seam Goaf in Northern Shaanxi Under Complex Conditions

作　　者：郭恒 GUO Heng(China Coal Technology&Engineering Group Xi'an Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an,Shannxi 710077)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司,陕西西安710077

出　　处：《地质与勘探》2025年第2期385-394,共10页Geology and Exploration

基　　金：中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司科技创新基金项目(编号:2022XAYJS06);陕西自然科学基金重点研发计划项目(编号:2022SF-046)联合资助。

摘　　要：陕北浅埋煤层在特殊历史时期因煤层自燃治理遭受了大量露天式偷挖滥采,由此形成的采空区面积广、隐蔽性强、勘探难度大,严重影响浅埋煤层的安全开采。为解决上述采空区探查难题,以陕北神府某矿区为研究区,将结合历史卫星影像、倾斜摄影、地球物理的综合探测技术应用于该区域复杂条件下采空区探测中。历史卫星影像资料揭示了P2排土场西南侧等区域存在明显开采痕迹,通过比对倾斜摄影可进一步划分采场及隐蔽采空区的大致分布范围。在此基础上合理布置物探测线,结果显示,P2排土场下含煤地层对应的电性层在局部区域高阻特征明显缺失。其中,高密度电阻率法ERT-3测线0~225m之间含煤地层电阻率由120Ω·m下降至60Ω·m以下,瞬变电磁法TEM-2测线0~80m含煤地层电阻率由160Ω·m下降至60Ω·m左右。最终,结合历史卫星影像、无人机倾斜摄影、高密度电阻率法与瞬变电磁法结果划分了隐伏采空区的分布边界。以上多种方法优势互补,实现了复杂条件下采空区的高精度、高效率、低成本勘探。During a special historical period,shallow coal seams in northern Shaanxi suffered from a large number of illegal open-pit mining and overexploitation due to spontaneous combustion control,resulting in a wide area of goaf,strong concealment,and difficult exploration,which has seriously affected the safe mining of shallow coal seams.To solve the above-mentioned problems,a comprehensive exploration technology combining historical satellite images,oblique photography,and geophysics was applied to the goaf exploration in a Shenfu mine of northern Shaanxi under complex conditions.The historical satellite image data reveals obvious mining traces in the southwest side of P2 waste dump and other areas.By comparing oblique photography,the approximate distribution range of the mining site and hidden goaf can be further divided.On this basis,a reasonable arrangement of geophysical survey lines was made,and the results showed that the electrical layer corresponding to the coal-bearing strata under the P2 waste dump was significantly lacking in high resistance characteristics in local areas.Among them,the resistivity of coal-bearing strata between the high-density resistivity method ERT-3 measuring line(0~225 m)decreased from 120Ω·m to below 60Ω·m,and the resistivity of coal-bearing strata between the transient electromagnetic method TEM-2 measuring line(0~80 m)decreased from 160Ω·m to around 60Ω·m.Finally,the distribution boundaries of concealed goaf were determined by combining historical satellite imagery,drone oblique photography,high-density resistivity method,and transient electromagnetic method results.The advantages of the above multiple methods complement each other,which can achieve high-precision,high-efficiency,and low-cost exploration of goaf under complex conditions.

关 键 词：采空区 高密度电阻率法 瞬变电磁法 倾斜摄影 历史卫星影像 浅埋煤层 陕北 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]