父母教养效能感与同胞关系:头胎儿童共情能力的中介作用  

Parental Efficacy and Sibling Relationship:The Mediating Role of the Empathy Ability of the First-born Children

作　　者：王小红[1] 龙欣 钟国龙 WANG Xiaohong;LONG Xin;ZHONG Guolong(College of Education,China West Normal University,Nanchong 637009,China;The Second Kindergarten of Shuangliu District Government of Chengdu,Chengdu 610218,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学教育学院,四川南充637009 [2]成都市双流区机关第二幼儿园,四川成都610218

出　　处：《民族高等教育研究》2025年第2期71-78,共8页Journal of Research on Minzu Higher Education

基　　金：全国教育科学“十四五”重点项目“处境不利儿童积极心理品质的发展轨迹、影响因素及干预研究”(项目编号:DHA230416)。

摘　　要：以N市为调查样本,探索N市父母教养效能感、同胞关系、头胎儿童共情能力现状,探究父母教养效能感与同胞关系的关系以及头胎儿童共情能力在其中起到的作用。使用父母教养效能感量表、儿童早期同胞关系质量问卷、儿童共情问卷,对N市幼儿园中二孩家庭的父母进行问卷调查,共获得327份有效数据,对数据进行描述性统计分析、相关分析以及中介模型检验。检验结果显示:二孩家庭的父母教养效能感和同胞关系优秀状态短缺;头胎儿童共情能力大部分处于一般状态,有待进一步提高。父母教养效能感与同胞关系之间呈正相关,父母教养效能感与头胎儿童共情能力呈正相关,头胎儿童共情能力与同胞关系呈正相关。父母教养效能感能够正向预测同胞关系,头胎儿童的共情能力在二者之间起着部分中介作用。基于此,提出教养建议:协同育儿,提高父母教养效能感;平等对待,科学解决同胞冲突;注重情感,塑造有爱的家庭氛围。Taking N City as the survey sample,this study explores the current status of parental efficacy,sibling relationship and the empathy ability of the first-born children in N City,and seeks the general relationship between parental efficacy and sibling relationship as well as the role played by the empathy ability of the first-born children.The Parenting Efficacy Scale,the Early Sib⁃ling Relationship Quality Questionnaire for Children and the Children’s Empathy Questionnaire were used to conduct a question⁃naire survey among parents of two-child families in kindergartens in N City,and a total of 327 valid data were obtained,and de⁃scriptive statistics,correlation analysis and mediation model tests were conducted on the data.The test results show that in twochild families,there is a shortage of excellent performance between parental efficacy and sibling relationship.The empathy ability of the first-born children is mostly in a general state and needs to be further improved.Moreover,there is a positive correlation be⁃tween parental efficacy and sibling relationship,and there is a positive correlation between parental efficacy and the empathy ability of the first-born children and there is also a positive correlation between the empathy ability of the first-born children and sibling relationship.Parental efficacy can positively predict sibling relationship,and the empathy ability of the first-born children plays a partial mediating role between the two.Based on this,the following parenting suggestions are proposed:cooperating in parenting to enhance parental efficacy,treating children equally to resolve sibling conflicts scientifically,and focusing on emotions to build a har⁃monious family atmosphere.

关 键 词：二孩家庭 父母教养效能感 同胞关系 头胎儿童共情能力 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]